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Since the State Council issued the "Development Plan for Energy Saving and New Energy Vehicles (2012~2020)" in 2012, the central and local governments have started to introduce "all-round and multi-level" support measures for the new energy vehicle industry, involving tax reduction and exemption for new energy vehicle enterprises, research and development support, consumption preferences for new energy vehicle consumers, supporting infrastructure construction, purchase subsidies and other aspects.

The investment of a large amount of financial subsidies has enabled China’s new energy automobile industry to achieve explosive growth in a relatively short period of time, but the extensive subsidy policy and the excessive disorderly growth of the industry have also brought many problems. Such as the lack of core technology, some enterprises using policy loopholes to cheat, etc., have become obstacles to the development of new energy automobile industry.

In recent years, the central government has issued an adjustment notice on the optimization policy of the new energy automobile industry, guided the new energy automobile industry in more detail, and gradually started the process of subsidizing the slope to guide the industry to develop healthily. In particular, the subsidy policy released in 2020 has optimized the existing policies. On the one hand, it is announced that the subsidy policy will be postponed until 2022, and the pace and intensity of slope retreat will be eased; On the other hand, the industrial policy has been further adjusted from the aspects of technical indicators, subsidy accuracy, subsidy methods, fund supervision and improvement of supporting measures, so as to avoid the problems that have appeared in the past.

All these measures reflect that supporting the development of new energy automobile industry has become a national basic strategy. This paper will give a comprehensive description of the development status and existing problems of China’s new energy automobile subsidy policy, and put forward corresponding problems and suggestions. At the same time, combined with the important goal recently put forward by the Supreme Leader General Secretary to strive to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060, this paper puts forward some suggestions on how to better guide and promote the new energy automobile industry to achieve carbon neutrality according to the existing industry policies.

China Significance of Subsidy Policy for New Energy Vehicles

1. New energy vehicles have positive externalities, and it is difficult to achieve the optimal scale of new energy vehicle supply simply by relying on market forces, so government financial subsidies are needed.

New energy vehicles have obvious positive externalities. First of all, it can reduce environmental pollution, improve air quality and reduce carbon emissions. At the same time, it can also alleviate the external dependence of oil and ensure national energy security. If only the market supply and demand are allowed to price new energy vehicles, the positive externalities cannot be reflected in the prices of new energy vehicles, and the optimal scale required by society cannot be achieved. In this case, it is necessary for the government to correct the problem of market mechanism pricing failure of new energy vehicles through appropriate administrative measures, such as financial subsidies.

China’s economic growth and the development of the automobile industry have continuously increased oil consumption, and this trend of continuous growth will not change in the short term, whether it is car ownership or crude oil consumption. At present, China is the largest crude oil importer in the world. In 2019, China’s crude oil imports reached 510 million tons, up 9.5% over the same period of last year. The annual domestic crude oil output was only 190 million tons, and its dependence on foreign countries reached 72%. The external dependence of oil threatens the energy security of China. The large-scale popularization of new energy vehicles can alleviate the external dependence of oil by replacing oil with electric energy.

2. The popularization and promotion of new energy vehicles can participate in the peak-shaving and valley-filling of the power grid and reduce the peak-shaving pressure of the power grid.

With the economic development, the peak load of China power grid system continues to increase. In 2018, the commercial and residential electricity consumption in the United States was 75%, while that in China was only 30%. With the widening gap between peak and valley, the pressure of peak shaving increased rapidly. The popularization of new energy vehicles will provide a new solution to reduce the peak-shaving pressure of power grid. Different charging prices can be provided according to the pressure of power grid at different time periods, and charging fees can be used as a means of regulation to drive users to charge when electricity consumption is low, so as to realize peak-shaving and valley-filling and improve the overall efficiency of power grid system. At the same time, the peak-shaving and valley-filling function of new energy vehicles can also strengthen the power grid’s ability to absorb clean energy and electricity, and further promote the process of energy conservation and emission reduction in the whole society.

3. The combination of new energy vehicles and new energy can reduce the emission of greenhouse gases and air pollutants, thus improving the environment and promoting the process of carbon neutrality.

Both pure electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles use electric energy to partially or completely replace fossil fuels to generate power. Therefore, the greenhouse gases and air pollution produced by new energy vehicles are lower than those produced by traditional energy vehicles. According to the experimental data of the State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology of the Center for Ecological Environment Research of Chinese Academy of Sciences, even considering the emissions from the upstream primary energy exploitation and transportation, power production and transmission and distribution, the emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants from new energy vehicles are far lower than those from traditional energy vehicles.

In the future, with the application of clean power and efficient industrial dust removal and desulfurization technologies, new energy vehicles will also bring more obvious emission reduction and environmental protection effects. Recently, high-level officials made it clear that China will strive to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060, and the promotion and popularization of new energy vehicles is of great significance to the realization of this goal.

Current situation of subsidy policy for new energy automobile industry

Since 2016, the central government began to gradually decline the financial subsidy policy for new energy vehicles, and made it clear that the subsidy scale of each manufacturer will be determined by combining the energy saving and emission reduction effects of new energy vehicle manufacturers, the manufacturing costs of each manufacturer, the scale effect of each manufacturer and the level of technological development, and this scale will decrease year by year. For example, the subsidy standards in 2017 and 2018 will be about 20% less than those in 2016, while the subsidy standards in 2019 and 2020 will be determined. At the same time, establish standards for manufacturers to produce complete vehicles, and require stable performance of complete vehicle products; Perfect after-sales service and emergency safeguard measures; The warranty period and battery recycling should meet the standards.

It can be said that the policy basically laid the tone of the central government’s financial subsidy policy for new energy vehicles during the period from 2016 to 2020, and adjusted some details around this main tone. For example, during the five years from 2016 to 2020, the government successively issued five editions of financial subsidy policy notices on the promotion and application of new energy vehicles. Except for the great changes in the policy in 2020, the policy notices in other years mainly improve the existing policies from the details of the policies themselves. Among them, the main policy changes from 2016 to 2019 can be summarized as follows:

(1) raise the technical threshold, optimize the technical indicators, and really tilt the financial subsidies to those high-quality enterprises with core technologies and products. Improve the technical threshold for pure electric passenger cars and encourage enterprises to use and apply high-performance batteries.

(2) Improve the subsidy standards for new energy vehicles, and adjust and optimize the subsidy standards for new energy vehicles according to the cost changes. Encourage the popularization and application of high-tech, safe and reliable products.

(3) Breaking local protection and establishing a unified market. It is stipulated that all localities should not take any form of local protectionist measures, including but not limited to setting up local catalogues or filing, restricting the issuance of subsidy funds, conducting repeated inspections on new energy vehicles, requiring production enterprises to set up factories locally, and requiring enterprises to purchase local parts and components.

(4) Improve the liquidation system and fund supervision, consolidate the responsibility of the supervision layer, give full play to the role of social supervision, increase the punishment for fraudulent enterprises, and resolutely crack down on fraudulent behaviors.

(5) Strengthen market supervision and management, implement producer responsibility, and improve the production, sales and service management level of new energy automobile enterprises. Enterprises are required to further strengthen the management and control of their own production and sales links to ensure the safety, stability and reliability of their products. Improve the after-sales service of new energy vehicles to ensure that consumers’ rights and interests are protected.

The latest financial subsidy policy released in 2020 is a major adjustment in recent years. The biggest difference from previous industrial policy adjustments lies in extending the period of financial subsidies for new energy vehicles, easing the intensity and rhythm of subsidies, and extending the implementation period of financial subsidies for the promotion and application of new energy vehicles to the end of 2022. In addition, the notice also emphasized the modification of subsidies for fuel cell vehicles, demanding further breakthroughs in the fuel cell industry chain and core technologies to form a good situation of rational layout and coordinated development.

Problems in Subsidy Policy for New Energy Vehicles

Through financial subsidies, the production capacity and sales volume of new energy vehicles in China have achieved rapid growth. In 2016, the annual output was only 511,000 vehicles, and in 2019, it reached 1.239 million vehicles, and the output increased by 1.5 times in four years. In 2019, the global output of new energy vehicles reached 2.21 million vehicles, and China occupied more than half of the production capacity.

However, behind the rapid growth of output, it mainly relies on the huge financial investment of the government and industrial policy dividends. With the rapid development of the whole industry, many negative effects and disadvantages have gradually emerged. From the overall process of the development of new energy vehicles in China, the main problems of industrial subsidy policy can be summarized as follows:

1. Improper subsidy design leads to extensive industrial development model and low-end overcapacity. Moreover, due to the lack of supervision, enterprises cheat in the early stage of industry development, resulting in a lot of waste of funds and resources.

By May 2020, the Ministry of Finance had issued a total of 120.64 billion yuan of financial subsidies to support the new energy automobile industry, which greatly stimulated the rapid expansion of the new energy automobile industry, but also led to a "growth bubble". In order to maximize profits, some enterprises, under the banner of developing new energy vehicles, produce a large number of inferior electric vehicles that do not meet the national safety standards with inferior and crude technology.

After the subsidy policy was implemented, the output of new energy vehicles showed a blowout trend. In 2016, the annual output reached about twice the annual sales volume, and a large number of new energy vehicles did not enter the sales and public transportation fields. In 2019, the publicity of the audit of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology showed that enterprises had declared a total subsidy of 237,000 new energy vehicles, and only 207,000 vehicles were approved.

2. In the design of subsidy policy for new energy automobile industry, the market mechanism is insufficient, and the development relies too much on financial subsidies, which leads to the lack of independent innovation motivation of enterprises and affects the sustainable development of the whole industrial chain.

The notice of financial subsidy policy in 2020 announced the extension of subsidy policy and slowed down the pace of slope retreat. It not only shows the government’s determination to support the development of new energy vehicles, but also reflects many problems in the industry, and the development also depends on financial subsidies. If the subsidy is withdrawn, the industry development is likely to enter a bottleneck period, and independent sustainable development cannot be achieved.

In view of the above problems, the government has recently made necessary improvements in the adjustment document. Constantly strengthen supervision, and add more hard audit indicators in the cumulative mileage and battery life of new energy vehicles. Although the addition of these audit indicators has increased the workload of the financial subsidy process for new energy vehicles, it may lead to a relatively slow subsidy for capital settlement in the short term. But in the long run, it can improve the cheating behavior of enterprises and improve the standard of product quality to a great extent, which is a kind of promotion for enterprises to strengthen the research and development of core technologies of new energy vehicles and improve their core competitiveness. Therefore, the government should strengthen the supervision of product quality in the new energy vehicle market, and implement the step subsidy policy, that is, give more financial subsidies to high-quality batteries with longer cruising range, and also improve the efficiency of supervision and the progress of audit and settlement of subsidy funds, so that the subsidy funds can be returned to the first-line enterprises that are actually engaged in R&D as soon as possible.

How does the subsidy policy guide and help the new energy automobile industry

Speaking at the general debate held by the United Nations on September 22nd, the Supreme Leader of president, China emphasized that China’s carbon dioxide emissions will strive to reach the peak by 2030 and be carbon neutral by 2060.

The automobile industry is one of the industries with the highest carbon dioxide emissions. Whether it is metallurgy, chemical engineering, machinery design and manufacturing in the upstream of the whole industrial chain, or transportation, leasing, fossil fuel mining and the life cycle of the automobile itself in the downstream of the industrial chain, a large amount of carbon emissions will be generated.

In addition, as a developing country, China’s automobile industry is also in the stage of rapid development. By 2019, China’s automobile ownership reached 253.9 million, an increase of 21.56 million over the previous year, with a growth rate of 9.3%, and the growth will continue with economic growth. In essence, several new energy automobile manufacturers are traditional automobile manufacturers. The realization of carbon neutrality in automobile industry will be a great guarantee for China to achieve carbon neutrality in 2060. To achieve this goal, it is far from enough to rely on the development of the industry itself and the progress of the market. The government must play the role of a good manager and guide in this process.

In view of the existing subsidy policy of new energy automobile industry in China and the experience of some foreign automobile enterprises that have promised to achieve carbon neutrality, the following suggestions are put forward.

1. The main contradiction in the development of new energy vehicles has changed, and the focus of contradiction in the future development is infrastructure construction. With the large-scale popularization of new energy vehicles and entering thousands of households, the government should be the main promoter of infrastructure construction, either through laws and regulations or through government subsidies.

The financial subsidy policy for the new energy automobile industry should be adjusted with the maturity of the industry itself, and traditional automobile manufacturers should be encouraged to increase investment in the new energy automobile industry and increase the proportion of new energy vehicles. Major traditional automobile brands in Europe are also investing in and researching new energy vehicles. Since the development of new energy vehicles has multiple strategic interests for China, the government should further support the development of new energy vehicle industry.

2. Financial subsidies are limited after all, so the government needs to strengthen the market mechanism design in the subsidy policy while further ensuring financial input, so that new energy vehicles can really be accepted by market consumers.

As the new energy automobile industry in China is still in the development stage, there are still shortcomings in core technologies. Therefore, further financial support is necessary, but we should learn from previous experiences and lessons. On the one hand, we will improve the auditing standards of subsidies for new energy vehicles, such as setting the cumulative mileage index of new vehicles in the next two years, and formulating the policy of step subsidies according to the quality level of batteries, so that subsidies can really flow into enterprises with high-quality new energy vehicles with market competitiveness.

On the other hand, we should fulfill the responsibility of the government as a market supervisor, give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, strengthen the dominant position of enterprises in the selection of technical routes, and give better play to the role of the government in the formulation of standards and regulations, quality and safety supervision, etc. After all, financial subsidies can only play an auxiliary role. To truly realize the promotion and development of new energy vehicles, new energy vehicles need to be truly accepted by market consumers.

3. Incorporate the assessment standard based on carbon neutrality goal into the audit system of industry subsidy policy, accelerate the construction of carbon trading market, and help enterprises establish a multi-channel and low-cost carbon emission reduction system.

Financial subsidies play an important role in the current development of new energy automobile industry. We can give full play to the guiding role of subsidy policies, and incorporate the assessment criteria based on carbon neutrality goals into the audit system of subsidy policies for new energy automobile industry, so as to promote the process of carbon neutrality in the industry.

If the automobile manufacturing industry wants to achieve carbon neutrality, it is difficult to achieve it only by its own energy saving and emission reduction, which is determined by its own industry attributes. The whole industrial chain of automobile manufacturing industry has carbon emissions, and it is relatively difficult to reduce the carbon emissions. Many links in the industrial chain, such as chemical industry, machinery manufacturing and metallurgy, have high emission reduction costs. Therefore, it is necessary to speed up the construction of carbon trading market and optimize the allocation of carbon emission resources through market mechanism, so as to maximize the overall benefits of society and improve carbon emission reduction and economic efficiency.

(The author is Dean of China Institute of Energy Policy, Xiamen University)

Since the beginning of this year, the outside world has paid great attention to the price rise and fall of Feitian Maotai. As early as April, the transaction price of Feitian Maotai’s loose bottles fell below 2,600 yuan, which has already surprised the liquor circle.

Now, after a lapse of two months, the head of Kweichow Moutai (600519) has been changed from Ding Xiongjun to Zhang Deqin, but Feitian Moutai has failed to stop the downward trend. At present, the terminal price of Feitian Maotai has reached about 2300 yuan/bottle, and the price drop storm continues to hit. Some people think that the popularity of "whipped eggs" weakens the consumption of liquor in business banquets, which is both a ridicule and a realistic feedback of consumption scenes.

Recently, the stock price of Kweichow Moutai has been falling continuously, which has been obviously affected. In order to stabilize the stock price and wine price, how many tricks can Zhang Deqin use?

Store a box of flying or lose 2000 yuan.

"Bulk flying Maotai spikes, 2399 yuan/bottle, limited to 100 boxes, collecting money to keep the goods." On June 12, Wang Min (a pseudonym), the account manager of a large chain tobacco and alcohol sales brand in Henan, took photos in the circle of friends to attract customers.

"In the past, the price fluctuation of Moutai was around 20 to 30 yuan every time, which has been relatively stable, but in these two or three months, each bottle fell by 300 yuan, which I have never seen since I made sales." Wang Min said that the flying price of the original box has also dropped from around 3,000 yuan/bottle to the current 2,700 yuan/bottle. "This is definitely not good news for consumers who were keen on drinking before. The decline of a bottle of 300 yuan has dropped by nearly 2,000 yuan per box, which is still very large. " She said.

Affected by the market downturn, the sales performance of Maotai retail stores will inevitably decline.

Wang Min said that customers who used to like to buy wine all regarded Maotai as an investment product, thinking that buying Maotai could preserve the value and increase the value, and even if it was not used temporarily, they could buy two bottles. But now this mentality has obviously weakened. Customers used to be able to buy ten boxes at a time, but now they have changed to one or two boxes at a time, or even stopped buying them for the time being.

According to the e-commerce platform of JD.COM, the price of Feitian Maotai sold by Kweichow Moutai JD.COM self-operated store is 1,499 yuan/bottle, and it is still necessary to make an appointment to purchase and a bottle is hard to find. In the liquor self-operated area of JD.COM Supermarket, the price of 53-degree 500ml bulk flying Maotai liquor delivered in 2023 is 2579 yuan/bottle; In addition, the price of 6 bottles of Guizhou Moutai (I Maotai) gift box set with 53 degrees 100ml in 2024 is 2375 yuan/set, which can be purchased directly.

Today’s wine price data shows that as of June 12, the market price of the original box of 53 degrees 500ml Feitian Maotai, which was delivered in 2024, was about 2,696 yuan/bottle, which fell below the integer mark of 2,700 yuan/bottle; The market price of bulk flying Maotai in the same year and specification continued to decline, and now it has dropped to 2420 yuan/bottle; In addition, the prices of Maotai in other years and varieties have also declined to varying degrees.

However, according to the reporter of Securities Times E Company, although the prices of Maotai series products have generally declined in recent months, the impact on the overall high-end liquor market is not obvious. Recently, the prices of high-end products such as Wuliangye and LU ZHOU LAO JIAO CO.,LTD have remained stable.

Social attributes have weakened.

Then, why did the price of Maotai series products suddenly show a rare decline?

As Wang Min, who is close to the front-line consumers, she gave a more interesting statement that "whipping eggs" should bear certain responsibilities.

Wang Min said, "In the past, whether it was a business banquet or a family gathering, everyone sat at the dinner table to communicate and drink, and a meal often consumed three or five bottles of white wine. However, in recent years, whipped eggs have become popular. No matter whether it is a business banquet or a family gathering, a lot of time will be spent playing cards, and even a bottle of food can’t be drunk. " Wang Min said that when communicating with customers, many people talked about that the popular game of whipping eggs has become the "number one killer" to squeeze liquor sales. Many dinners have even refused to drink alcohol in order to play cards.

As a chess game, whipped eggs, with its fun and extensive social attributes, have spread all over the country in recent years and become a new "password" for interpersonal communication.

A business person told the reporter of Securities Times E Company: "Now, for a quick lunch meal, it only takes 15 minutes to eat, and the rest one hour is beating eggs. How can anyone drink?"

The market has a strong wait-and-see mood.

If the popularity of whipped eggs affects the consumption of drinks, it may be more because everyone is helpless in teasing the liquor industry.

Cai Xuefei, general manager of Zhiqu Consulting and liquor analyst, told the reporter of Securities Times E Company: "At present, it belongs to the off-season of liquor consumption, and Maotai is in the alternating running-in stage of personnel and strategy, and the market has a strong wait-and-see mood. In addition, the market and investors have great differences on the external economic environment and the future consumption expectations of liquor, which has led to the adjustment of the price of Maotai."

Cai Xuefei believes that the social attributes of Maotai in the high-end banquet and gift market have not changed, and the actual selling price is still much higher than the official guiding price of Maotai, and the proportion of direct sales of Maotai is also close to 50%, which are the cornerstones for Maotai to maintain price stability. In the past few years, Maotai has built a number of products with subdivided price bands, including 1935, Zodiac, distinguished products, treasures, fine products, etc. A relatively complete product matrix and a diversified profit structure have enhanced Maotai’s overall ability to resist risks, which is the key to Maotai’s steady progress and sustainable development.

From a practical point of view, Maotai sellers took the initiative to reduce prices in order to expand demand, but the demand did not increase correspondingly, which triggered a wait-and-see mood. Now they are facing problems such as insufficient overall market demand and excessive stock. In fact, the situation is very difficult. But objectively speaking, Feitian Maotai, as a famous wine representative, a certain price reduction will also bring about the expansion of market consumption demand and people, thus achieving a new balance between supply and demand.

At the beginning of June, the first big move came after Maotai new coach Zhang Deqin took office, and the policy of "enterprises purchasing 1499 yuan for flying" was suspended. It is said that the reason is that the number of applicants is too large and the quota is saturated. As for when the policy will be resumed, it is unknown. Some dealers confirmed to reporters that it did happen, and the main reason was to stabilize prices.

In response to the above policies, Cai Xuefei said that from the current point of view, Kweichow Moutai has suspended the policy of purchasing flying at a low price for enterprises, trying to stabilize product prices and balance the interests between direct sales and distribution systems by reducing market input.

According to Cai Xuefei’s personal judgment, the effect of this policy needs to be closely observed. Of course, Kweichow Moutai is the industry benchmark, and the continuous decline in the price of Maotai will inevitably squeeze the market space of other high-end liquor brands, which is also full of challenges for the overall development of the industry.

Will traditional distributors stabilize the price of wine?

"The relevant parties re-enabled Zhang Deqin as the chairman of Kweichow Moutai. What may be valued is that Zhang Deqin has the mobilization ability of the old Moutai department and the old Moutai dealers, and he plays a key role at a critical moment. Zhang Deqin has a long way to go." Xiao Zhuqing, a wine critic in China, told the Securities Times reporter.

In Xiao Zhuqing’s view, the decline in the share price and liquor price of Kweichow Moutai is unbearable in many aspects. At present, all units in the system of Guizhou Province have Moutai quotas that have been inherited from history, and these Moutai quotas have become the source of wages for all units or an important part of the package of "Guizhou goods coming out of the mountain". Nowadays, the price of Moutai has fallen, and it is difficult for relevant parties to bear the consequences of the continuous decline of Moutai.

Xiao Zhuqing believes that in order to stabilize the stock price and wine price, there are not many tricks left for Zhang Deqin to use. In fact, all the tricks that can be used to improve performance are almost the same, such as increasing the proportion of self-operated channels, launching I Moutai digital marketing platform to carry out marketing for C-end, and trying to cross-border joint funds to pursue fame and fortune.

In 2023, the revenue of Kweichow Moutai’s direct sales channel was greatly improved, and the gap with the wholesale agency channel was reduced to about 12 billion yuan. Among them, the direct sales revenue of Kweichow Moutai reached 67.232 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 36.16%; At the same time, the direct sales revenue has increased significantly, and its operating cost has also increased significantly. The annual operating cost of direct sales mode is 3.051 billion yuan, up 62.78% year-on-year. In contrast, the traditional wholesale agent sales model has little fluctuation.

On May 10th, Zhang Deqin, who just took office, hosted a symposium for dealers in Kweichow Moutai, Zhejiang, Fujian and Su Sansheng in Hangzhou to respond to the demands and concerns of dealers. Zhang Deqin encouraged dealers and the company’s sales team to build confidence and work together to create a new situation in Maotai marketing.

At the symposium, Zhang Deqin said that the dealers are the family members of Maotai, an important support for the growth of Maotai and an indispensable key force for Maotai. In the future, Maotai will continue to respect and care for dealers, and manufacturers will work together to promote the better development of Maotai.

According to Xiao Zhuqing’s prediction, Zhang Deqin’s next move may be to mobilize the traditional dealers of Moutai and buy low-priced Moutai with real money to boost the market transaction price. China liquor dealers all know that Maotai dealers are afraid that Kweichow Moutai Sales Company will assess/reduce the amount of a certain customer. Xiao Zhuqing predicted that the planned assessment of the increase and decrease of Moutai in the future, as a "carrot and stick", will drive dealers to come up with real gold and platinum to stabilize the price of liquor.

Emil Wakin Chau, who hasn’t released a new album for a long time, sharpened his sword for six years and released the latest full-creation album Jianghu at the end of this year. Recently, Emil Wakin Chau came to Sina as a guest to chat about this blockbuster album. Emil Wakin Chau, who hasn’t released a new album for a long time, sharpened his sword for six years and released the latest full-creation album Jianghu at the end of this year. Recently, Emil Wakin Chau came to Sina as a guest to chat about this blockbuster album. Emil Wakin Chau, who hasn’t released a new album for a long time, sharpened his sword for six years and released the latest full-creation album Jianghu at the end of this year. Recently, Emil Wakin Chau came to Sina as a guest to chat about this blockbuster album. Emil Wakin Chau, who hasn’t released a new album for a long time, sharpened his sword for six years and released the latest full-creation album Jianghu at the end of this year. Recently, Emil Wakin Chau came to Sina as a guest to chat about this blockbuster album. Emil Wakin Chau, who hasn’t released a new album for a long time, sharpened his sword for six years and released the latest full-creation album Jianghu at the end of this year. Recently, Emil Wakin Chau came to Sina as a guest to chat about this blockbuster album. Emil Wakin Chau, who hasn’t released a new album for a long time, sharpened his sword for six years and released the latest full-creation album Jianghu at the end of this year. Recently, Emil Wakin Chau came to Sina as a guest to chat about this blockbuster album. Emil Wakin Chau, who hasn’t released a new album for a long time, sharpened his sword for six years and released the latest full-creation album Jianghu at the end of this year. Recently, Emil Wakin Chau came to Sina as a guest to chat about this blockbuster album. Emil Wakin Chau, who hasn’t released a new album for a long time, sharpened his sword for six years and released the latest full-creation album Jianghu at the end of this year. Recently, Emil Wakin Chau came to Sina as a guest to chat about this blockbuster album. Emil Wakin Chau, who hasn’t released a new album for a long time, sharpened his sword for six years and released the latest full-creation album Jianghu at the end of this year. Recently, Emil Wakin Chau came to Sina as a guest to chat about this blockbuster album. Emil Wakin Chau, who hasn’t released a new album for a long time, sharpened his sword for six years and released the latest full-creation album Jianghu at the end of this year. Recently, Emil Wakin Chau came to Sina as a guest to chat about this blockbuster album. Emil Wakin Chau, who hasn’t released a new album for a long time, sharpened his sword for six years and released the latest full-creation album Jianghu at the end of this year. Recently, Emil Wakin Chau came to Sina as a guest to chat about this blockbuster album. Emil Wakin Chau, who hasn’t released a new album for a long time, sharpened his sword for six years and released the latest full-creation album Jianghu at the end of this year. Recently, Emil Wakin Chau came to Sina as a guest to chat about this blockbuster album. Emil Wakin Chau, who hasn’t released a new album for a long time, sharpened his sword for six years and released the latest full-creation album Jianghu at the end of this year. Recently, Emil Wakin Chau came to Sina as a guest to chat about this blockbuster album. Emil Wakin Chau, who hasn’t released a new album for a long time, sharpened his sword for six years and released the latest full-creation album Jianghu at the end of this year. Recently, Emil Wakin Chau came to Sina as a guest to chat about this blockbuster album.

　　[car home Information] Koenigsegg will release a brand-new sports car in 2022, which will be extremely exciting news for fans.

　　As can be seen in the official preview, the overall design of the car is very smooth and equipped with a surrounding windshield. The most noteworthy thing is the embedded design of taillights, which is different from other models of the brand at present. This design is visually similar to Koenigsegg CCX built in 2006, which is the first V8 engine developed by Koenigsegg.

Koenigsegg CCR』

　　Among the design elements of the new model, there are also the design elements of Koenigsegg CCR, which was launched in 2004. CCR, launched in 2004, is the fastest road car in the world, which is called one of the turning points of the company.

『Agera』

　　In the design of the tail, we seem to find the shadow of Agera. Agera took the title of the fastest production car in the world from Bugatti Chiron in 2017.

　　You know, 2022 is the 20th anniversary of Koenigsegg’s production of the first car CC8S. This upcoming car may be a tribute to the car. Earlier, Koenigsegg said that its New Year’s resolution was "to create more outstanding performance through clever intelligent engineering and optimized design". (Source: autocar；; Compile/car home Li Na)

In order to implement the Supreme Leader’s General Secretary

Important instructions on vigorously developing technical education

Implement the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security "Technician Education"The Tenth Five-Year Plan

Fully promote the high-quality development of technical education in our province

Encourage and support school-age youth.

Read technical schools, learn skills and promote employment.

People, society and gentleman with

Announcement on Enrollment Information of Technical Colleges in Hunan Province in 2023

be coming~

I. Enrollment Plan

In 2023, the province’s technical colleges plan to enroll students.6.5Ten thousand people (scan the code at the end of the text to view "Hunan Technical College Enrollment Plan in 2023).

Second, registration and admission

(1) registration.Candidates can register on-site or online.

1. On-site registration.Candidates can bring valid certificates such as household registration book, ID card, graduation certificate, vocational qualification certificate or vocational skill level certificate and register directly at various technical colleges.

2. Online registration.You can register in official website, a technical college.

(2) Admission.After students enter the school, they are in the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security"National Technical College Information Management System" for student registration.

Third, the school level and training objectives

Technical colleges are divided intoTechnical school, senior technical school, technician collegeThere are three levels, in which: technical schools mainly train intermediate technicians to meet the needs of modern production and service, senior technical schools mainly train middle and senior technicians to meet the needs of modern production and service, and technician colleges mainly train senior technicians and reserve technicians to meet the needs of modern production and service.

■Intermediate worker.Recruit junior high school graduates to train intermediate skilled personnel, and its educational system is as follows3 years; Recruiting high school graduates to train intermediate skilled personnel, its educational system is generally 2 years.

■Senior worker.Recruit graduates who have obtained intermediate vocational qualifications (vocational skill level) (technical secondary school, technical school, vocational high school) or similar professional intermediate vocational qualifications (vocational skill level) to train senior skilled personnel (senior workers). The academic system is generally2 years; Recruit high school graduates to train senior skilled personnel (senior workers), and its educational system is 3 years; The time for recruiting junior high school graduates to train senior skilled personnel (senior workers) is generally 5 years.

■Preparatory technician.Recruit graduates who have obtained senior vocational qualifications (vocational skill level) (technical secondary school, technical school, vocational high school) or similar professional senior vocational qualifications (vocational skill level), and the academic system is generally2 years; Recruit graduates who have obtained intermediate vocational qualifications (vocational skill level) (technical secondary school, technical school, vocational high school) or similar professional intermediate vocational qualifications (vocational skill level), and the educational system is generally 3 years; The academic system for recruiting high school graduates is generally 4 years. The academic system for recruiting junior high school graduates is generally 6 years.

Fourth, the funding policy

(A) tuition-free policy

The tuition-free policy of technical colleges covers students in the first, second and third grades who are full-time formal students, students in rural areas (including counties and towns), students majoring in agriculture in cities, students with financial difficulties in urban families, students studying in schools in ethnic areas, and students majoring in drama performance (except other students majoring in art-related performances).

The proportion of urban students with financial difficulties in our province is determined by 10% of urban students in the first, second and third grades. When students from poor families are identified, they should be inclined to special hardship groups, and special hardship groups such as students from poor families, students from minimum living guarantee families, orphans, children of martyrs, disabled students from poor families and disabled children should be given priority protection; Pay attention to the students from families that are prone to poverty on the edge, and those whose rigid expenses are large due to causes, disasters, accidents, etc. or whose income is greatly reduced, and include them in the scope of financial support according to the relevant provisions and actual conditions of student financial assistance.

Average tuition-free standard:3,200 yuan/student/school year.

(B) the national scholarship policy

The stipend policy of technical colleges covers students majoring in agriculture in the first and second grades and students with financial difficulties in non-agricultural families, and the proportion of students with financial difficulties in families is determined according to 15% of the students in the first and second grades who are full-time formal students. 11 original contiguous poverty-stricken areas such as Liupanshan District and rural students from secondary vocational schools in Tibet, Tibet-related counties in four provinces and southern Xinjiang (excluding counties) are all included in the scope of enjoying state grants. When students from poor families are identified, they should be inclined to special hardship groups, and special hardship groups such as students from poor families, students from minimum living guarantee families, orphans, children of martyrs, disabled students from poor families and disabled children should be given priority protection; Pay attention to the students from families that are prone to poverty on the edge, and those whose rigid expenses are large due to causes, disasters, accidents, etc. or whose income is greatly reduced, and include them in the scope of financial support according to the relevant provisions and actual conditions of student financial assistance.

Grant standard: 2000 yuan/student/academic year.

(3) National Scholarship for Secondary Vocational Education

Technical school full-time students in the second grade (inclusive) or above will be rewarded for outstanding students in academic performance and skill performance. The number of awards is determined by the National Student Financial Assistance Management Center in conjunction with the National Technical College Student Financial Assistance Management Office; National scholarships are reviewed once every academic year, and the principles of openness, fairness, impartiality and merit are adhered to, and equal evaluation is implemented.

Scholarship standard: 6000 yuan/student/academic year.

(4)Scholarship for "Skilled Eagle" Award (Assistance)

Full-time students in technical colleges will be awarded "Skilled Eagle" scholarships for students with excellent academic performance and outstanding skills; Give "Skilled Eagle" grants to students with financial difficulties and who are unable to enjoy state or local grants. The specific quota is determined by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security.

Scholarship standard of "Skilled Eagle" Award (Aid): 3000 yuan/student/school year.

V. Graduation treatment

(1)Technical college studentsIf you pass the graduation examination, you will be awarded a diploma from a technical college; Those who have passed the skill evaluation will be awarded the national vocational qualification certificate or vocational skill grade certificate and special vocational ability certificate.

(2)Full-time intermediate class, senior class and preparatory technician (technician) class in technical colleges.Graduates, according to the technical secondary school, junior college and undergraduate education, implement relevant treatment, and equally participate in title evaluation (examination), recruitment of civil servants, recruitment of enterprises and institutions, enlistment, and determination of wage starting point standards.

Six, supervision telephone

In the process of enrollment in technical colleges, if you encounter false propaganda, illegal enrollment and other issues, please call the provincial and municipal human resources and social departments for enrollment supervision.

-Scan the code to see the enrollment announcement of Hunan Technical College in 2023-

–Scan code viewEnrollment Plan of Hunan Technical Colleges in 2023-

　　On February 3, 2017, the Rocket Army conducted equipment support training in a simulated heavy rain environment in the base, during which DF-15B short-range ballistic missiles were erected in rows.

　　On February 3, 2017, the Rocket Army conducted equipment support training in a simulated heavy rain environment in the base, during which DF-15B short-range ballistic missiles were erected in rows.

　　On February 3, 2017, the Rocket Army conducted equipment support training in a simulated heavy rain environment in the base, during which DF-15B short-range ballistic missiles were erected in rows.

　　[Global Network Military Report on February 6 Global Times Special Reporter Chapter Global Times reporter Liu Yang] The so-called "Dongfeng -5C" intercontinental missile test conducted by China last month has recently attracted continuous attention from overseas media. Taiwanese media said that the mainland could install more than 10 missiles of this type a year, while Russian media said that this would make the outside world reevaluate China’s nuclear forces, and China may achieve a leap-forward breakthrough approaching the strategic nuclear forces of the United States and Russia in the next few years. American experts claim that the increasing threat of ballistic missiles will make the first island chain insecure.

　　More than 10 pieces of "Dongfeng -5C" are installed in a year?

　　Taiwan Province’s "Wang Bao" reported on the 5th that the mainland recently launched an "Dongfeng -5C" intercontinental ballistic missile with 10 sub-guided warheads. The Ministry of National Defense of the mainland claims that the launch of the "Dongfeng -5C" intercontinental ballistic missile is an ordinary scientific research experiment. According to the article, the mainland will mass-produce this type of missile. Considering the similarities between the structure of Dongfeng -5 and the Long March -2 series rockets, the mainland may deploy 10 to 15 new missiles of this level every year.

　　Russian satellite news network published a comment by Russian military expert Vasily Kashin, saying that the successful test of the new missile Dongfeng -5C made the outside world reassess China’s nuclear power. According to the article, although Chinese mainland began to deploy the powerful solid fuel "Dongfeng -41" missile with multiple warheads, the liquid fuel missile will not be retired in the short term. China’s top management is not satisfied with the modernization and upgrading of about 20 existing Dongfeng -5 missiles. Before investing in the development of more improved versions of Dongfeng -41, liquid fuel missiles will still exist in the coming decades. The article said that this news also enabled people to re-examine the growth prospects of China’s nuclear reserves. It was previously speculated that "Dongfeng -41" would replace "Dongfeng -5" and increase the number of these missiles. Now it seems that "Dongfeng -41" will be a supplement to the existing "Dongfeng -5" nuclear arsenal. Kashin believes that there is more and more reason to expect China to achieve a leap-forward breakthrough approaching the strategic nuclear forces of the United States and Russia in the next few years, which will lead to fundamental changes in the rules of the game in the Asia-Pacific region.

　　Why develop liquid fuel intercontinental missiles?

　　An China military expert who asked not to be named told the Global Times reporter on the 5th that, on the whole, the intercontinental ballistic missiles in the world are becoming "solid", that is, using solid fuel rocket engines. Compared with liquid fuel missile, it has the advantages of small volume, simple structure, short launch preparation period, fast response, and mobile launch to improve survivability. So why did China develop the solid fuel "Dongfeng -41" and test the liquid fuel "Dongfeng -5C"? The expert said that on the one hand, China can improve the existing older Dongfeng -5 ballistic missile through the application of multi-warhead independent guidance technology, and improve its penetration ability and strike power. One can be used as several pieces, which can be called China’s "Satan" missile; On the other hand, with the current miniaturization technology of solid rocket engines and nuclear warheads in China, it may be difficult for solid intercontinental ballistic missiles to carry 10 nuclear warheads and fly more than 10,000 kilometers. If "Dongfeng -5C" can achieve "one bomb with ten heads", it will undoubtedly greatly improve the overall penetration capability of China’s nuclear forces and the scale of nuclear strikes.

　　Although well-based deployment reduces the survivability of missiles, it is not insurmountable. Russian expert Kashin also mentioned in the article that the original "Dongfeng -5" was deployed in tunnels or silos, and the launch preparation time was long (some models took 30-60 minutes, while others took up to 2 hours). The few launchers of "Dongfeng -5" were destroyed by the first wave of enemy attacks. Kashin believes that the situation has changed now. First of all, "Dongfeng -5" is no longer the only nuclear weapon that China can reach American territory, and mobile "Dongfeng -31" and "Dongfeng -41" can also pose such a threat; Second, China is building its own missile attack early warning system and strategic anti-missile system. It can be predicted that the start-up time of the new modification of "Dongfeng -5" will be substantially shortened after a large number of modifications.

　　Experts in China said that the survivability and deterrence of nuclear missiles deployed in wells can be effectively improved by strengthening, disguising and reliable early warning systems of the sky and the ground, so the United States and Russia still deployed a large number of intercontinental missiles launched in wells. Experts say that what kind of missiles a country develops and what kind of deployment methods it adopts probably depends on its technical foundation. Both the United States and Europe have realized the "solidization" of intercontinental ballistic missiles. Russia’s solid ballistic missiles are limited, so it still develops heavy-duty liquid intercontinental ballistic missiles. Britain and France have limited land area, so they mainly rely on sea-based nuclear forces. However, if a country’s nuclear submarine technology is not so advanced, it is better to settle for land-based deployment.

　　The United States may re-examine the missile defense system

　　China’s recent missile test has worried Americans. The US media reported on the 5th that China allegedly used an "Dongfeng -5C" intercontinental missile for the first time last month and launched 10 warheads with independent aiming capability at the same time, which was regarded as another breakthrough in China’s efforts to develop advanced missile technology. At the same time, some defense think tanks in Washington issued reports that China is developing and deploying advanced ballistic missiles and cruise missiles against the military facilities of the United States and its allies in the Asia-Pacific region, with the aim of preventing the United States and its allies from interfering with China’s military expansion in the Asia-Pacific region.

　　According to the article, Ricky Ellison, chairman of the American Missile Defense Advocacy Alliance, said that China’s missile power has become so strong that it is difficult for the United States and its allies to defend the first island chain. Ellison said: "They have demonstrated the ability to attack (the first island chain) from all directions by land, air and sea. No matter what kind of defense facilities we have, they can use enough ammunition to carry out saturated attacks. " Former US Naval Operations Minister and retired Admiral Grennet also said that the capability of the US Navy’s missile defense system to deal with China’s missile threat is "close to the limit".

　　According to reports, Trump inspected the Pentagon last week and ordered the Ministry of National Defense to evaluate the existing missile defense capabilities of the US military and its future strengthening measures. The US Navy currently has 33 warships with ballistic missile defense capabilities. During the campaign, Trump said that he would quickly install ballistic missile defense systems on 11 other cruisers and said that he would increase the overall size of the naval fleet. The article also believes that in the face of more and more missiles with advanced technology in China in the future, the US military needs new technologies with non-hard killing and low cost, including directed energy weapons and electronic warfare. A report published by CSBA, the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Evaluation of Washington’s defense affairs think tank, said that the US military should also consider expanding and strengthening the land-based anti-missile facilities deployed by the United States in the Asia-Pacific region.