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　　In 1817, mary shelley finished her horror novel Frankenstein (also translated as Frankenstein). This novel was officially published in 1818. In the novel, a scientist named Frankenstein created a monster from a patchwork of corpses. The monster was so miserable and out of control that he finally set himself on fire and died. Frankenstein is not only a Gothic horror novel, but also regarded as the first science fiction novel in the modern sense. One hundred years later, this novel has been adapted into movies again and again, especially the 1931 version of Frankenstein, which can be said to be the pioneer of American horror movies.

　　There are four versions of Frankenstein, namely, Edison’s Frankenstein (1910), Frankenstein (1931), Frankenstein (1970) and Frankenstein in mary shelley (1994). There are many movies named Frankenstein, far more than these four.

　　The story of Frankenstein spread later, and in many places "Frankenstein" was taken as the name of the monster. In fact, in the original novel, "Frankenstein" is the name of the scientist who created the monster. In addition, in many later films, the scientist revived the monster by electric shock, which was actually added to the film later. In the original novel, there is no mention of Frankenstein’s specific method to revive this monster. Even so, the spiritual core of Frankenstein has not changed from the novel to the film, which implies people’s fear of science and technology since the 19th century. The monster created by Frankenstein, a scientist, can be said to represent and condense the fear of human beings for the growing development of science and technology.

　　In the movie Frankenstein, Frankenstein, a scientist, revived the monster made up of corpses by electric shock.

　　Godzilla: Fear of technological power and the unknown world.

　　In 1954, Godzilla, the originator of Japanese monster movies, was born. This film is closely related to a nuclear accident that year. On March 1, 1954, the United States conducted a hydrogen bomb test under the bikini atoll in the Marshall Islands in the Pacific Ocean. At that time, hundreds of Japanese fishing boats were contaminated by radioactive nuclear, which caused a panic in Japan at that time. Moreover, in 1945, not far away, Japan suffered a nuclear attack from the United States, and two atomic bombs exploded in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. It can be said that no country in the world has such a deep-rooted fear of nuclear power as Japan. Just as Frankenstein’s monster represents people’s fear of science and technology, Godzilla’s monster image clearly represents Japan’s fear of nuclear power and nuclear attack. The original Godzilla was designed as a monster who wantonly destroyed the city, and its way of destroying the city was exactly the same as that of the atomic bomb. The three destructive ways of the atomic bomb-light radiation, thermal radiation and shock wave-are all known to Godzilla, a monster. Of course, such a setting does not conform to the law of conservation of energy. Godzilla, as a biological form, can’t spit out so much energy at a time if you eat more things.

　　The earliest film poster of Godzilla (1954), Godzilla destroyed the city in a way similar to the atomic bomb.

　　In the history of Japanese movies, films about Godzilla have been shot again and again, and each Godzilla has its own specific parameters such as size and weight. Moreover, Godzilla has been growing and upgrading, and even various monsters such as Kidola, Mosla and Raton have been derived, making the whole Godzilla universe. In these films, the relationship between Godzilla and human beings gradually changed from confrontation to cooperation, and even became the guardian of human civilization.

　　Poster of the Japanese film Godzilla: The Big Monster Attacks (2001), in which Godzilla fights to protect the monsters released by humans and aliens.

　　There are currently two Hollywood versions of Godzilla, one is Godzilla directed by roland emmerich (1998), and the other is Godzilla co-produced by Legendary Pictures and Warner (2014). Although the latter Godzilla is ambitious, it has a mediocre reputation, and its sequel Godzilla 2, The King of Monsters (2019), will be released at the end of May. Godzilla in Japanese movies is mostly a real costume performance, and the cities destroyed by Godzilla are mostly built with miniature models. There are many Japanese movies in this series, but in terms of visual effects, it is completely incomparable with the movies made by Hollywood with heavy CG special effects. Of course, for fans of Godzilla movies, they may think that Japanese Godzilla movies are the most authentic. The Japanese Dongbao Film Company, which created Godzilla, was very angry with roland emmerich’s version of Godzilla, and even refused to accept that Godzilla in this film was a member of the Godzilla family.

　　Roland emmerich’s version of Godzilla (1998)

　　From a biological point of view, all giant monsters like Godzilla can’t stand scrutiny. However, all living things on earth, whether normal evolution or gene mutation, must adapt to the gravity of the earth in terms of body shape. Do an easy-to-understand mathematical calculation to double the length of a creature, then its stress area (the size of its sole) will be four times and its weight will be eight times. That is to say, the stress area of living things increases in a square number, while the weight of living things increases in a square number. So ants’ legs can be so slender, and elephants’ legs must be thick enough to support the whole body. The thickness here is not only the absolute thickness, but also the proportion relative to the body shape. According to this theory, it is impossible for a monster like Godzilla to survive on the earth. With such a huge figure, I’m afraid my legs must be as thick as my body to stand. In the same way, we can know that a monster like King Kong is impossible to appear on the earth. Interestingly, the original novel Equatorial bwana devil of King Kong was written in the 19th century, when people didn’t know much about gorillas in the jungle. The author himself did not imagine a monster like King Kong based on gorillas, but he thought that gorillas in the jungle would really grow as big as King Kong.

　　In the Hollywood version of Godzilla in 2014, Muto, the monster who confronts Godzilla at the end of the film, has an unreasonable body design, and his slender limbs are unlikely to support the weight of a huge body.

　　In addition, according to the current understanding of the evolution of life, all creatures on the earth are homologous in the evolutionary tree, so all large animals with legs are four limbs, or four legs, or two legs with two wings. According to this theory, it is impossible for a creature with two wings and four legs, such as the flying horse or unicorn in Little Marbury, to appear on the earth. Four legs plus two wings make six limbs. Like the monster that crawled out of the ground in Kong: Skull Island (2017), it only has two legs and a tail, which is also impossible to appear on the earth.

　　The monster in Kong: Skull Island (2017), a creature with only two limbs and a tail, is unlikely to appear on the earth.

　　Fear is human instinct. According to Darwin’s theory of evolution, it is impossible for a species without fear to survive and reproduce in the biological world. I don’t know what fear is, but it has long been wiped out by natural enemies. Creating a monster that doesn’t exist may be the simplest and most direct way for people to express their fear. Long before the film was born, people had the cultural origin of creating monsters or monsters. For example, people who lived in the Middle Ages were afraid of hell, so they described it as a terrible world ruled by monsters.

　　The image of ghosts in medieval church murals

　　Although science has made the world more and more prosperous, fear, which is rooted in human instinct, still exists. Monster movies have become a new medium to express fear and vent anxiety in our time. Frankenstein conveys the fear of the rapid development of science and technology, Godzilla conveys the fear of nuclear power in Japan, Jurassic Park and Resident Evil convey the fear of biotechnology, and The Monster of Hanjiang River conveys the fear of American forces intervening in its own country. These fears have a clear object of fear. In addition, there is another kind of fear that comes from our fear of the unknown world. King Kong represents the fear of unknown areas deep in the jungle, Jaws and Extreme Cold represent the fear of the ocean and the deep-sea world, and Alien, Starfleet and Alien Awakening represent the fear of outer space. Fear is not terrible. "The only thing worth fearing in this world is fear itself". There is no shame in expressing fear. The first step to overcome fear is to express this fear first.

　　"Godzilla 2: The King of Monsters" poster, monsters can be regarded as the condensation and expression of human fear.

　　Aliens: Biological Instinct, Sexual Anxiety and Creator

　　"Big is strong", which is a kind of psychology that we can easily confuse. Monsters such as Godzilla, dinosaurs and King Kong correspond to the viewer’s psychology. In fact, in terms of combat effectiveness, Godzilla, dinosaurs and King Kong are probably far less than the micro-life form of bacteria or the quasi-life form of viruses. Monsters that don’t win by size and are equally fascinating are the first choice.

　　I first saw a movie like Alien many years ago. At that time, I didn’t understand at all why Americans like to engage in these sticky and disgusting things. In fact, if you think about it carefully, this kind of nausea is not directly disgusting with real things, but a kind of film culture and film routine. This kind of films often provoke people’s biological instinct and psychological level by creating a certain picture or form, thus creating a certain pleasure of watching movies. From the first Alien in 1979 to Alien Prequel 2: Contract in 2017, the Alien Universe is first of all a film series that has done enough articles on the instinctive level. Bloody, violent, biological plasma and mucus, sparse and sticky like childbirth, all follow the path of stimulating people’s instinct. Such a unique viewing experience, whether you like it or not, need not be avoided, and it is not worth boosting.

　　The earliest alien modeling in Alien (1979), the director specially found an actor with slender limbs to play the alien.

　　The earliest "Alien" trilogy, each director is famous, and each one has its own advantages in stimulating instinct. The first film directed by Scott is about space thriller, the second film directed by James Cameron is about action fighting, the third film directed by david fincher is about claustrophobia, and the fourth film directed by Pierre Genet is about black. Many years later, two "Aliens vs. Iron Soldiers" were knockoffs. Many years later, in 2012, the 75-year-old father Scott took the prequel of Alien, Alien Prequel: Prometheus, at will. In 2017, the 80-year-old father Scott took the second prequel of Alien, Alien Prequel 2: Contract, at will. These two films are still rooted in stimulating the instinctive nerves of the audience. For example, in the first film, there is an extremely exciting scene in which the heroine digs an alien by caesarean section, which is even more delicious than the scene in which the alien directly emerges from the human stomach.

　　Alien Prequel 2: Contract (2017) A movie poster with dark and ferocious style.

　　In terms of modeling, aliens can be said to be a collection of human dark imagination. Why do we have an instinctive fear of creatures like snakes? A guess is that this probably stems from the fact that mammals have suffered various injuries from reptiles during their evolution. Aliens are similar to the mixture of humanoid and snake in overall shape, especially the attack state on people is very similar to that of snakes. The reason why the mucus secreted by aliens makes us feel disgusting is probably the result of evolution, probably because many creatures that secrete mucus in nature are poisonous. As for the alien head, this strange shape actually contains the dual characteristics of male genitalia and female genitalia, full of sexual hints. This is not my own wishful over-reading, but the alien father, the great director ridley scott, said it himself in the documentary James Cameron’s Science Fiction Story. This view can explain more directly why aliens can not only attract our attention, but also make us have psychological and physiological reactions of disgust. It actually evokes our subconscious sexual consciousness and anxiety. As for the incubation process of aliens — — First, a face-prone monster jumps out of an egg to cover a person’s mouth, and then a small alien comes out of a person’s stomach. This process itself is similar to human reproduction, mating, excretion, childbirth and other behaviors, so it’s strange not to stimulate you.

　　Ridley scott was interviewed by Cameron in James Cameron’s Science Fiction Story and talked about the creation of the first Alien (1979) that year.

　　Although aliens are imaginative in modeling, they also have biological injuries. For example, in Alien 2, when the Alien Queen fights with the heroine, something like a tongue suddenly sticks out of her mouth, and a small mouth grows on the tip of the tongue, and the teeth of the small mouth click. From a biological point of view, such teeth are unlikely to last. Compare our human situation. Teeth are connected with bones, and muscles are attached to bones. The tooth shape of the alien is the other way around, not the muscle is attached to the tooth, but the tooth is attached to the muscle. First, such teeth are unlikely to grow out of thin air, and second, even if they grow out, they are helpless and easy to fall off. In addition, the rapid growth rate of aliens after drilling out of human stomach obviously violates the law of conservation of energy. Even if a person’s body is drained completely, it is impossible to provide so much energy to the alien to make it grow into such a big piece at once.

　　Aliens in Alien Prequel 2: Contract (2017)

　　In the latest "Alien Prequel: Prometheus" and "Alien Prequel 2: Contract", the director, Mr. Scott, said through the mouth of the dramatis personae that he didn’t believe that human beings evolved randomly, and there must be some kind of designer behind them, maybe God or aliens, anyway. With this, the prequels of these two Aliens can jump directly from the instinctive level to the philosophical level. Who Are We? Where do we come from? Where are we going? Are we the product of random evolution or the design creation of some advanced wisdom? This is the ultimate question about us human beings and one of the oldest philosophical questions.

　　Today, people with certain scientific literacy have some understanding of evolution. For example, our eyes, at first, may only be a protein molecule that can sense light, and then step by step, step by step, evolved into our eyes and the eyes of various animals. However, there are still two different possibilities to get here:

　　Maybe one, the eyes evolved randomly in a fog. According to the current statement, the evolution time of life is about 3.8 billion years, which is not short. All kinds of small probability events may occur and accumulate, and a monkey may knock out a Shakespeare in such a long time. The seemingly complicated life forms actually evolved in all kinds of chaos and disorder.

　　Possibly, before the protein molecule began to evolve into the eye by sensing sunlight, there was already a wise designer, and TA had already designed this thing that would eventually be shaped into the eye in advance. Similarly, this designer had designed the form of life in advance before life began to evolve.

　　These two possibilities are not actually contradictory. The second possibility is something that science cannot prove or falsify. Assuming that there is such a designer, he may get a score of 60 or 70 at most. Look at this terrible human body you designed: all the nerve circuits are squeezed in front of the retina, the neck is tired every day because of the big head, and the spine is obviously designed according to the result of lying down and walking upright, which makes it easy to strain the lumbar muscles and protrude the lumbar intervertebral disc … … In short, either we evolved in a muddle, or we were designed by idiots.

　　The Man Seeking the Creator in Alien Prequel: Prometheus and David, the Biochemical Man Created by Man (right)

　　The two prequels to Alien not only stimulate the instinct downward, but also touch the ultimate question of who we are, where we come from and where we are going, so they have a philosophical height. We may be the product of random and aimless evolution of nature, or we may be created. We may have been created by a loving and omnipotent God, or by a group of evil aliens, as described in Alien Prequel: Prometheus.

　　If we are the product of random evolution, then our existence is meaningless; If we were randomly created by a group of evil aliens, then our existence is even more meaningless, or only has a black meaning. However, if we think from a positive energy perspective, even if our existence is meaningless, even if the whole universe is really dark, our goal can still be the sea of stars!

　　Today (March 21st), China entered the fourth solar term of spring-vernal equinox. After the vernal equinox, the days get longer and the nights get shorter. In a day, the sunshine not only prolongs the "on-the-job" time, but also gradually increases the heat, and most of our country enters the fastest period of time in a year. Warming up urges the process of going north in spring, and more and more people feel the breath of spring by enjoying flowers, stepping in spring, flying kites and tasting wild vegetables. China Weather Network has specially launched a national spring map to see which places will be embraced by spring during the spring equinox.

　　Spring is strong in the south and accelerated in the north.

　　It’s the vernal equinox, and it’s already mid-spring, with flowers in full bloom and strong spring scenery. All the year round, before entering the vernal equinox solar terms, most of the spring in the south is already very strong, and many places in the north are still a winter scene. After entering the vernal equinox, the sun slowly moves northward, the days are long and the nights are short, the heat of the sun is gradually enhanced, and the average temperature in the area north of the Yellow River can reach above 10℃.

　　At the vernal equinox, the pace of spring accelerates northward, and more places in the north will enter the embrace of spring. Central and northern Jiangsu, northern Anhui, northern and western Henan, southwestern Shaanxi, southwestern Shanxi, most of Hebei, most of Tianjin, most of Beijing, and northern Xinjiang Southern Xinjiang Basin will enter spring at this time.

　　The recovery is rapid and the spring breeze is booming.

　　On the vernal equinox, the sun shines directly on the equator, and the northern and southern hemispheres are equally divided day and night. Since then, the position of the direct point of the sun has moved northward, and the days in the northern hemisphere are long and the nights are short. Most of China’s temperatures have shown a rising state and entered the fastest period of time in a year.

　　The rapid warming urges the process of spring. At the vernal equinox, the pace of spring crosses from the Yangtze River to the Great Wall, and many places north of the Yellow River finally welcome the spring letter. In ancient times, the vernal equinox was also called the mid-spring moon. Under the warm sunshine in spring, everything grew, and the leaves of willow trees were no longer sparse in early spring. The mid-spring flowers such as apricot flowers and cherry blossoms also began to enter the best viewing period.

　　In addition to rapid recovery, the spring breeze is also the messenger who brings spring news to the north. The spring breeze in the spring equinox season often shows two faces, sometimes "blowing the face without chilling the willow wind" and sometimes "the wind suddenly sweeps away ten thousand flowers". When it is gentle, it is like a pair of hands to soothe people’s hearts, and when it is violent, it is cruel and ruthless.

　　During the spring equinox, the momentum of spring thunder gradually increased, and the first thunder in most parts of the south has already sounded, and it began to enter the period of frequent lightning; Many places in the north have ushered in the first thunder. The ancients also speculated about the weather through thunder. The dull thunder and rain lasted for a long time, and the thunder was a shower.

　　Swallows return to the north with flowers.

　　There are three stages in the vernal equinox: "When the mysterious birds arrive; Two Hou Lei Nai voiced; Three Hou Shi Dian. " Dark birds refer to swallows, which generally fly south in the autumn equinox and return north in the spring equinox. At the vernal equinox, the warmth in the north is getting stronger and stronger, and the return of swallows represents that spring has also reached further north. At this time, the Yellow River basin began to hear the first sound of spring thunder one after another. However, lightning, a weather phenomenon caused by the fierce collision between cold and warm air, will not be seen until the third day of the vernal equinox.

　　"On the fourth day of mid-spring, the spring scenery is in the middle." The spring equinox season is just the right time, and the choice of flower viewing is very rich. As soon as the begonia blooms, the white flowers fall sporadically with the spring breeze, which seems to be the trace of her coming in the earth in spring. The pear blossoms are like snow, and her strong fragrance and elegant figure complement each other, adding a touch of color to spring. Mulan, also known as magnolia, is often used by the ancients as a metaphor for the noble character of being pure and clean.

　　Vertical eggs, spring vegetables, flying kites in spring

　　In the folk, the custom of the spring equinox season is related to the spring character of Otawa. People’s activities to enjoy spring are not limited to spring flowers, but also flying kites and tasting spring vegetables. Toona sinensis and spring bamboo shoots are served on the table one after another, becoming a limited food in spring. In addition, in order to celebrate the arrival of spring, there is also the custom of separating eggs in spring in our country. As early as 4000 years ago, people believed that laying eggs on the vernal equinox was easier to succeed.

　　Busy farming is at the right time

　　At that time, the spring equinox is busy with agriculture, and spring tube, spring ploughing and spring planting are about to enter the busy stage, winter crops enter the growth stage, and wheat begins to jointing. Because the temperature rises rapidly and the water demand of crops is relatively large, it is necessary to strengthen water storage and moisture conservation in the northern spring rainy area.

　　It’s another year of deep spring! During the spring equinox, as the weather warms up, people’s activities of enjoying spring begin to be colorful. Whether it is enjoying the scenery in spring, flying kites, tasting spring vegetables and experiencing the spring on the tip of the tongue, it has added some fun to daily life. After the vernal equinox, the days are getting longer and the sun is shining on the earth. Hope is ahead. Let’s start from spring and go to the future with such a mood.

　　New Year’s Eve is a traditional festival in China. Throughout the ages, people have celebrated it in various ways. So what do you know about the customs of New Year’s Eve? New Year’s Eve, as a traditional festival in our country, is there any stress? Xiaobian has sorted out the precautions for New Year’s Eve. Let’s take a look at those who are interested.

Customs and habits of New Year’s Eve

What are the brief introductions of New Year’s Eve customs?

　　"Set off fireworks". Setting off firecrackers is a must on New Year’s Eve. Legend has it that the monster "Xi" is most afraid of the sound of firecrackers. Our ancestors used firecrackers to drive away the monster. Nowadays, the firecracker has been given a new meaning. It also has the function of dispelling poverty and bad luck. The noise also represents a colorful and prosperous life in the new year. Therefore, firecrackers must be lit on New Year’s Eve. Firecrackers are a specialty of China, also known as "firecrackers", "firecrackers" and "firecrackers".

　　"Shounian". Keeping old age on New Year’s Eve is one of the most important activities, and the custom of keeping old age has a long history. People often stay up all night on New Year’s Eve, which is called Shounian. The earliest record of observing the old age can be found in the local records of the Western Jin Dynasty: on New Year’s Eve, all parties give gifts, which is called "giving back the old age"; Wine and food are invited, which is called "don’t be old"; It is called "dividing the age" when the young and the old gather to drink and wish a complete song; Everyone stays up all night, waiting for the morning, which is called "keeping the old age". On New Year’s Eve, the whole family get together, eat New Year’s Eve, light candles or oil lamps, sit around the stove and chat, waiting for the time to bid farewell to the old year and welcome the new year, and keep vigil all night, symbolizing driving away all evil diseases and looking forward to good luck in the new year. Because of its great significance, until today, people are still used to keeping the old year and welcoming the new year on New Year’s Eve.

　　Eat rice cakes and jiaozi. The traditional Spring Festival begins on the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month (that is, Laba Festival), and housewives begin to arrange all kinds of food needed for the New Year. Steamed rice cakes, because of their homophonic "high age" and varied tastes, have almost become a must-have food for every family.

Pay attention to New Year’s Eve

　　"Bao jiaozi". Eating jiaozi is a traditional way to celebrate the New Year in the north. The Spring Festival is a family reunion festival. On this festival, wanderers who are away from home have to come home from Wan Li for thousands of miles. The whole family has to sit around and wrap jiaozi for the New Year. jiaozi’s practice is to make dumpling skins with flour first, and then use leather bags to stuff them. The contents of the stuffing are varied, and all kinds of meat, seafood, eggs and seasonal vegetables can be stuffed. The orthodox jiaozi method is to cook them in clear water and mix them with vinegar and minced garlic after picking them up. There are also ways to fry jiaozi and bake jiaozi (fried dumpling). Because the word "He" in dough mixing means "He"; Jiaozi’s "Jiao" and "Jiao" are homophonic, and "He" and "Jiao" have the meaning of reunion, so jiaozi is used to symbolize reunion of acacia; It is very auspicious to take the meaning of making friends at an older age; In addition, jiaozi, shaped like an ingot, eats jiaozi during the Chinese New Year, which also has the auspicious meaning of "making a fortune".

Pay attention to New Year’s Eve and taboo matters.

　　1. New Year’s Eve dinner

　　The New Year’s Eve dinner is also called the reunion dinner. According to Zonggu’s Record of Jingchu’s Age, it was customary to eat New Year’s Eve dinner at least in the Northern and Southern Dynasties. Because it is winter, northerners often set up hot pot in the middle of the dining table, so it is also called a stove.

　　The dishes of northerners’ New Year’s Eve often include dumplings, fish, rice cakes and long-term vegetables. Because dumplings look like gold ingots, which means wealth; Fish can’t be finished, because in Chinese, "fish" and "Yu" are homonyms, which means "more than one year". The rice cake has the meaning of "rising year by year"; Eating long-term vegetables has the meaning of longevity. In South China, there are many kinds of chicken, roasted meat, Nostoc flagelliforme and oyster sauce, because Nostoc flagelliforme and oyster sauce are homophonic. A typical New Year’s Eve dinner in the south of the Yangtze River must have fish and a rich soup pot.

　　According to the old ceremony, the traditional seats on New Year’s Eve are "respecting the east from the left" and "facing the gate for respect". The head of the annual banquet is the elder with the highest seniority, and the last seat is the lowest. If it is a treat, the chief is the most respected guest, and the host is at the bottom. No one else can sit down until the chief is seated, and no one can start work until the chief starts work.

　　Day.

What are the taboos on New Year’s Eve?

　　2. Don’t draw water

　　There is a taboo of "not pumping water" during the Chinese New Year. People who have wells at home should "seal the wells" before dusk except the day, put wooden covers on the wells, burn incense and worship sacrifices after offering cakes, and then open the covers for reuse three days later.

　　3. ancestor worship

　　Sacrificing ancestors is the first important event on New Year’s Eve. In many parts of our country, on this day, people will put rich meals and light incense sticks at home, and parents will lead their children to worship. In some rural areas in the north, paper money will be burned at home. In the evening of New Year’s Eve, candles are lit in front of the ancestor statues, wine is poured, and dishes are placed. The whole family holds a grand sacrifice ceremony to express their feelings of "pursuing the future with caution". People didn’t begin to enjoy the New Year’s Eve dinner until our ancestors had eaten it.

　　4, lucky money

　　The ancients were very particular about lucky money. The copper coins used need a lot of money and new money, and then they are made into various shapes with red ropes. Some wear hundreds of copper coins, which means "long life"; Others are dressed in auspicious shapes such as carp, ruyi and dragon, meaning "money dragon" and "money surplus" in order to bring good luck. In addition to giving children "lucky money" by elders, in some areas there is also the custom of giving "fruit on the eve of the year". On New Year’s Eve, the elders will put oranges, lychees and other fruits on the child’s pillow and take the meaning of "Geely" to wish the child good luck in the coming year. With the development of the times, the current "lucky money" is more direct and pure. Generally, red tickets are wrapped in exquisite red packages and then distributed to children for a good lottery.

　　5. Step on the Year’s Activities

　　On New Year’s Eve, people in our country will also hold a year-old stepping activity, that is, stick sesame stalks in the courtyard in the shape of gold ingots made of yellow paper rolls and save them into a bundle, which is called "cornucopia". Then, the whole family crushed it with their feet to harmonize "old age" with "broken", and borrowed the auspicious meaning of sesame blossoms, wishing the family prosperity and expressing their wishes and prayers for the new year.

　　6, shou sui

　　Keeping the old age on New Year’s Eve is also a long-standing custom. As early as the Western Jin Dynasty, it was clearly recorded in the local customs: "I don’t sleep all night, waiting for the dawn to keep the old age." Legend has it that observing the age is to prevent the infringement of a unicorn, which is most afraid of fire, red and sound, so people wear red clothes, light red lights, put up red paper, set off fireworks and firecrackers, burn incense and pray all night, and have the custom of "observing the age" on New Year’s Eve. "Ji Sheng at the age of Emperor Jing" records: "High fever, silver candle, drinking pine mash, sitting on the altar, called keeping the age, and prolonging the year by omen."

　　Many places also call New Year’s Eve "Ji Xiangye". On this night, both adults and children should say auspicious words, not unlucky words, dirty words and disrespectful words, or they will have bad luck all year. Therefore, joy, kindness and reunion are the biggest themes of New Year’s Eve.

　　7. Turn on the light and sleep

　　You can’t turn off the lights when you sleep on New Year’s Eve. You can’t turn off the lights until dawn on the first day of the new year. On the whole night of New Year’s Eve, the lights are generally not turned off at home, especially in the house where ancestors are supported.

　　8, avoid breaking utensils

　　There is also the custom of avoiding breaking utensils on New Year’s Eve. People believe that if the dishes and cups are broken on this day, it will mean "broken luck" in the new year. Sometimes accidentally breaking cups and plates on this day, the elders will hurry to wrap them in red paper and recite auspicious words such as "Peace through the years" to remedy it. Folks believe that putting the pieces wrapped in red paper on the sacred case for a few days can resolve possible disasters. Therefore, in order to win a good lottery on New Year’s Eve, people will be cautious in their words and deeds in order to achieve a lucky year.

　　9. Post Spring Festival couplets

　　Spring Festival couplets, also called "door pairs", "spring stickers", "couplets" and "couplets", belong to a kind of couplets and are a unique literary form. This pair of the earliest Spring Festival couplets in the world, "Three Yang began to spread, and four orders began to open", was recorded on the Dunhuang suicide note unearthed in the Tibetan Sutra Cave of Mogao Grottoes, written by Liu Qiuzi, a Tang Dynasty, in the eleventh year of Kaiyuan (723). The folk custom of sticking couplets on the Spring Festival began to prevail in the Ming Dynasty, and the birthplace of the trend was Nanjing. Now people in Jiangnan pay attention to posting Spring Festival couplets on the morning of New Year’s Eve.

　　10. paste new year pictures

　　New Year pictures, like Spring Festival couplets, originated from "door gods". With the rise of engraving printing, the content of New Year pictures is not limited to the door gods and so on, but gradually the god of wealth is invited to the home, and then colorful New Year pictures such as Three Stars of Fu Lushou, heavenly god blesses the people, Harvest of Five Grains, Prosperity of Six Livestock, Greeting the Spring and Blessing the New Year are produced in some New Year pictures workshops to meet people’s good wishes of celebrating and praying for the New Year.

　　11. stick grilles

　　In the folk, people also like to stick all kinds of paper-cuts on the windows-window grilles. Window grilles not only set off the festive atmosphere, but also integrate decoration, appreciation and practicality. Paper-cutting is a very popular folk art in China, which has been loved by people for thousands of years. Because it is mostly stuck on the window, it is also called "window flower". With its unique generalization and exaggeration, window grilles show auspicious things and good wishes incisively and vividly, and decorate the festival with splendor.

　　12, paste the word blessing

　　It is a long-standing folk custom in China to stick blessings on the Spring Festival. Sticking the word "Fu" in the Spring Festival places people’s longing for a happy life and wishes for a bright future. There is no uniform standard for how to paste the word "Fu".

　　13, zero must go home.

　　After the reunion dinner is finished with laughter, the family will sit around the TV to watch the Spring Festival Gala, or visit relatives’ homes to chat, but they must get home before zero. At 1: 00, the whole family should "keep watch" at home. When the hands of clocks and watches pass 12 o’clock, people will set off firecrackers already prepared to celebrate the arrival of the New Year.

　　14. Burning firecrackers

　　There is a folk saying in China that "opening the door to firecrackers". That is, at the arrival of the new year, the first thing for every household to open the door is to set off firecrackers to eliminate the old and welcome the new with the sound of firecrackers. Its origin is very early, and it has a history of more than two thousand years. Setting off firecrackers can create a festive and lively atmosphere, which is a kind of entertainment in festivals and can bring happiness and good luck to people.