分类归档 sangna

　　Strive to achieve peak carbon dioxide emissions by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060, which is a major strategic decision made by the CPC Central Committee based on the situation and the national conditions, and a solemn commitment of China.

　　Energy is the main battlefield to promote carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions, and China has accelerated the planning and construction of a new energy system. By the end of June this year, China’s renewable energy installed capacity reached 1.322 billion kilowatts, historically surpassing coal-fired power, accounting for about 48.8% of China’s total installed capacity.

　　Seen from space, the satellite captures the green kinetic energy behind the above-mentioned "transcendence".

　↑ Compared with 2023 and 2020, the third phase wind power project of Jiguanshan in Yilan, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province was connected to the grid for power generation.

　　On Jiguan Mountain in yilan county, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, white windmills are arranged in an orderly way, waving "arms" in the wind, turning wind into electricity and guarding the lights of thousands of families.

　　At present, the 150 MW wind power project in the third phase of Yilan Jiguanshan in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province has been successfully connected to the grid for power generation. The average annual power generation is 450 million kWh, which can save about 135,500 tons of standard coal and reduce 369,700 tons of carbon dioxide emissions every year.

　　↑ Compared with 2021, the offshore "Optimus Prime" stands in Pingtan offshore wind farm in Fujian.

　　The wind comes from the sea and sends electricity to thousands of homes.

　　On July 19, 2023, the eye-catching "Optimus Prime" at sea — — The world’s first 16 MW ultra-large offshore wind turbine is connected to the grid at Pingtan offshore wind farm in Fujian, with an annual power generation of over 66 million kWh.

　　In recent years, the installed capacity of offshore wind power in China has continued to grow, which has become an important starting point for promoting energy transformation. By March 2023, the cumulative installed capacity of offshore wind power in China was about 30.89 million kilowatts, ranking first in the world.

　↑ Compared with 2018, Baihetan Hydropower Station has been put into operation.

　　By the end of 2022, Baihetan Hydropower Station, which ranks second in the world in terms of total installed capacity, was put into operation in an all-round way. Together with Wudongde Hydropower Station, Xiluodu Hydropower Station, Xiangjiaba Hydropower Station, Three Gorges Hydropower Station and Gezhouba Hydropower Station, it formed the world’s largest "clean energy corridor".

　　The average annual power generation of Baihetan Hydropower Station can reach 62.443 billion kWh, which can replace about 19.68 million tons of standard coal and reduce carbon dioxide emissions by about 52 million tons.

　↑ Compared with 2015, the photovoltaic power station of "fishing and light complementary" was paved with a blue color in the sunken lake of Liangyuan Town.

　　In Xiapi Lake, Liangyuan Town, Feidong County, Hefei City, Anhui Province, a blue photovoltaic panel stands on the lake like a sail, with about 360,000 solar photovoltaic modules, forming a photovoltaic power station with complementary fishing and light.

　　The power station adopts the mode of "power generation on water and aquaculture under water", with an average annual on-grid electricity consumption of 118 million kWh, which is equivalent to saving 37,000 tons of standard coal and reducing carbon dioxide emissions by about 97,000 tons, which can bring more than 400,000 yuan in aquatic products income.

　　↑ Compared with 2014, the "Super Mirror Power Station" was built on the Gobi Desert in Dunhuang.

　　On the Gobi Desert in Hexi Corridor, the Dunhuang 100 MW molten salt tower photothermal power station, known as the "super mirror power station", reflects dazzling light. More than 12,000 heliostats concentrically surround the 260-meter-high heat absorption tower, with a total reflection area of more than 1.4 million square meters, designed annual power generation of 390 million kWh, and annual carbon dioxide emission reduction of 350,000 tons.

　　Solar photothermal power generation is considered as a new energy application technology with the potential to become a basic load power supply. Dunhuang 100 MW molten salt tower photothermal power station continuously transports new energy to all parts of the country with the help of good power grid foundation advantages.

　↑ Comparing 2023 with 2022, the shache optical storage integration project in Kashgar, Xinjiang has grown from scratch.

　　On July 13th, 2023, the shache Optical Storage Integration Project in Kashgar, Xinjiang was successfully connected to the grid for power generation. After the project is completed and put into operation, it can realize peak shaving and frequency modulation, reduce light waste, and realize annual power generation of 1.612 billion kWh with photovoltaic power generation, saving 492,000 tons of standard coal and reducing 1.342 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions every year during the whole life cycle.

　　With the rapid growth of the installed capacity of renewable energy, the demand for various types of regulated power sources in the power system has increased rapidly, and a number of new energy storage projects have been accelerated in China, and the installed capacity has been continuously and rapidly improved.

　　↑ Compared with 2014, the "Super Charging Po" Anhui Jixi Pumped Storage Power Station has been put into operation.

　　As an important tool of "peak shaving and valley filling" in power grid, large-scale pumped storage power station is usually called "super charging treasure". Located in Fuling Town, Jixi County, Anhui Province, this pumped storage power station was fully put into operation in February 2021, with an average annual on-grid electricity consumption of 3.1 billion kWh. Considering the loss caused by various factors, it is equivalent to saving 216,000 tons of standard coal and reducing carbon dioxide emissions by about 475,000 tons every year, and the role of the energy storage power station as a "reservoir" is further exerted.

　　Go green one by one. With the completion and operation of more and more new renewable energy infrastructure projects, more original and breakthrough achievements have emerged, and green energy has injected a steady stream of "green kinetic energy" into economic and social development.

　　Planning: Li Jun Liu Jing

　　Producer: Zhong Haoxi, Chang Ailing and Ling Weijia

　　Coordinator: Zeng Yingying Huang Qinghua

　　Final review: the anniversary of Yu Weiya and He Li

　　Reporter: Ma Shurui Wu Huijun

　　Editor: Wang Haocheng Wu Jinfu

　　Design: Zhao Danyang

　　Technology: Miyaqi

　　Satellite Remote Sensing and Technical Support: Yin Ranyu, Guo Chao, Liu Xinyu, Guo Jianwei

　　Xinhua news agency new media center

　　State key laboratory of media integration production technology and system

　　Xinhua News Agency Anhui Branch

　　Joint production

In May, 1919, a group photo was taken by Xiangtan Alumni Association of Hunan First Normal University, with Mao Zedong in the second row and the third from the left.

Author: Liu Yue, deputy inspector of Party History Research Office of Beijing Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China.

Before the liberation of Beijing, Mao Zedong had only been to Beijing twice before and after the May 4th Movement. During these only two trips to the North, I have to mention his experience of "working" in Peking University Library.

On August 15th, 1918, Mao Zedong, Luo Xuezan, Xiao Zisheng, Zhang Kundi, Luo Zhanglong, Li Weihan and Chen Zanzhou left Hunan for Beijing on the 19th.

I came to Beijing this time to organize young people from Hunan to work and study in France, and also at the invitation of my teacher Yang Changji. The next day, Mao Zedong’s tall and thin figure appeared in the "Bancang Yangyu" at No.9 (now No.15) of the ancient Doufuchi Hutong.

Yang Changji hopes that Mao Zedong will either go to France or stay in Peking University to study for several years, and keep Mao Zedong and Cai Hesen here. Therefore, Mao and Cai temporarily stayed in the single room in the south room of Yangzhai quadrangle next to Xunmen in the southeast corner.

Because the members of Xinmin Society who came to Beijing lived in scattered places, it was inconvenient for them to carry out activities. Soon, Mao Zedong and others rented three rooms at No.7 (now No.8, Zuo Lane, Ji ‘an), a passageway in Sanyanjing Hutong, Jingshan East Street near Peking University at that time, and left the "Bancang Yangyu" in Tofu Pool Hutong.

Beijing "rice" is expensive, and "living in white" is not easy. Mao Zedong needs to find a job and earn some money in Beijing. So he asked Yang Changji for help.

In September, 1918, Li Dazhao, director of Peking University Library, got a temporary job for Mao Zedong in the library, which was introduced by Mr. Yang and recommended in writing by Cai Yuanpei, president of Peking University. He was mainly responsible for managing 15 Chinese and foreign newspapers in the second reading room (newsprint reading room, which is today’s newspaper reading room), registering the names of readers, with a monthly salary of 8 yuan.

For the name of Mao Zedong’s temporary job in Peking University Library at that time, many works have slightly different descriptions.

Mao Zedong (first from left) and Si Nuo

For example, Si Nuo’s "Red Star over China" records that Mao Zedong himself said: "Li Dazhao gave me a job as a library assistant, and the salary was not low, with eight yuan a month."

"Biography of Mao Zedong" compiled by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Literature Research Office wrote: "In October, Mao Zedong met Li Dazhao, then the director of Peking University Library, through the introduction of Yang Changji. Li Dazhao arranged for him to be an assistant in the library. "

So, what is the name of Mao Zedong’s temporary job in Peking University Library?

The author believes that it is neither an assistant nor a clerk, but a secretary, based on six reasons.

1. There is no job title of "Assistant"

According to the 1920 National Peking University Staff Record, there is no "assistant" job title not only in the Peking University Library, but also in the whole Peking University institution.

2. Among the four types of staff in Peking University Library, it is more appropriate to say "secretary".

According to the Trial Regulations of the Library Department of the General Affairs Department of Peking University published in Peking University Journal on May 10th, 1920, Peking University Library has four courses: management, reading, book management and bibliography compilation, with two rooms for sending and receiving handouts.

In addition to the director of the library, there are four categories of staff:

Teaching assistant-responsible for collecting books in the library and guiding students to borrow and refer. The staff was appointed from Peking University graduates and was established in September 1920;

Clerk-senior library staff, and the "leading class" of each course is served by the first-class clerk;

Secretary-generally held by newly hired novices;

Handyman-including bookbinder, typist, copywriter, etc.

It can be seen that there was no "assistant" position among the four types of staff at that time. From the above provisions, it can be seen that the post of "teaching assistant" in Peking University Library was set up in September 1920, and Mao Zedong left Peking University in March 1919, so it is impossible to hold the post.

In addition, he has never studied or worked in Peking University before, and it is impossible for him to be a clerk. His work category obviously does not belong to the category of "handyman".

Mao Zedong’s work in Peking University Library and his status as a new recruit are similar to the responsibilities and requirements of the "secretary".

3. Mao Zedong didn’t state that he was an "assistant" at that time.

Mao Zedong mentioned in "Letter to Seven or Eight Uncle’s Parents" on April 28th, 1919 that "my niece works as a clerk in Peking University, Beijing". He himself did not state that he was an "assistant". The post of "secretary" is the most appropriate with "staff".

In 1930, Jiang Menglin was appointed as the president of Peking University, and it was stipulated that one-fifth of the school’s funds should be used as the funds for books and instruments, and at the same time, it was ready to raise funds to build a new library.

4. Memories of Jiang Menglin

Jiang Menglin, acting president of Peking University, said in the article Li Dazhao and Mao Zedong in Memories:

Mao Zedong became a secretary in Peking University Library when I was acting as principal. One day, Li Shouchang (Li Dazhao) came to the principal’s office and said that Mao Zedong had no food. What should I do? I said, why not let him still run a cooperative? He said no, they were all broke. I said, is there anything wrong with the library? Just give him a position. So I picked up a pen and wrote a note: Mao Zedong was appointed as the librarian with a monthly salary of 17 yuan.

Jiang Menglin’s memory is obviously wrong in time. Cai Yuanpei left Peking University after the May 4th Movement in 1919. In July, Jiang Menglin took charge of the affairs of Peking University, and it lasted for two months until the new semester of Peking University started in September.

Mao Zedong worked in Peking University Library from September, 1918 to March, 1919. For about half a year, it was four months after Mao Zedong left Peking University. It was impossible for Mao Zedong to get a position in Peking University. Jiang Menglin’s memory, however, clearly shows that the name of the temporary errand Mao Zedong seeks is "secretary".

5. Memories of Xiao Zisheng

According to Fan, a classmate of Mao Zedong Hunan Provincial First Division and one of the main organizers of Hunan’s work-study program in France, Xiao Zisheng recalled in Mao Zedong and Me:

Because of the difficulties in life, they wrote to ask Cai Yuanpei if he could give his classmates a job of cleaning the classroom. When President Cai learned about this, he had a better idea and wrote a letter to Li Dazhao, the director of Peking University Library: "Mr. Shou Chang’s great advice: If Mao Zedong wants to get a part-time job in this school, please try to place a secretary in the library, who is responsible for sorting books and cleaning rooms, with a monthly salary of eight yuan. Cai Yuanpei today. "

Therefore, Li Dazhao arranged for Mao Zedong to clean the room and arrange books, which was a very simple task.

Xiao Zisheng’s memory also made it clear that the name of the temporary job Mao Zedong sought was "secretary".

6. There are mistakes in understanding and translation of individual nouns.

Cha Mao Zedong was appointed as a "library assistant", which was based on the book Red Star over China written by Hussenot. The book Red Star over China was dictated by Mao Zedong, translated by Huang Hua and written by Si Nuo in English. Therefore, mistakes in the understanding and translation of individual nouns are inevitable.

The word "assistant" in the English version of Red Star over China does mean "assistant, assistant and teaching assistant", and the translator translated it into Chinese literally, which gave rise to the widely spread saying that Mao Zedong was appointed as an "assistant" in Peking University Library.

To sum up, I think the job title of Mao Zedong in Peking University Library should be "secretary".

However, the "secretary" of Mao Zedong’s library at that time was quite different from the "secretary" who is now the main person in charge of political party organizations at all levels.

In ancient Chinese, "book" refers to letters and "notes" refers to notes. In the old days, "secretary" refers to people who are engaged in official document copying, belonging to low-level petty officials at the transaction level and office level.

The person in charge of the working-class political party is called the "secretary", which originated from Marx and Engels. At the beginning of 1846, the "Communist Communication Committee" (later renamed communist party), which was founded in Brussels, called the head of the organization "secretary", which means "public servant".

[Reference]

[1] Edgar Si Nuo: "Red Star over China", life reading and new knowledge Joint Publishing Company Limited, 1979 edition, p. 127.

[2] the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Literature Research Office: Biography of Mao Zedong, Central Literature Publishing House, 1996, p. 41.

[3] the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Literature Research Office, Mao Zedong Research Group, Shaoshan Mao Zedong Memorial Hall: "Letters from Mao Zedong to relatives and friends in Shaoshan", Central Literature Publishing House, 1996, p. 5.

[4] Jiang Menglin: "Li Dazhao and Mao Zedong in Memories", in Zhang Jingru’s Chronology of Li Dazhao’s Historical Materials, Shanghai People’s Publishing House, 1984, p. 59.

[5] Ma Yong: Biography of Jiang Menglin, Henan Literature and Art Publishing House, 1999, p. 99.

[6] Xiao Yu: "Mao Zedong and I" abridged translation of the fifth, contained in Taiwan Province’s "Arts and Records" No.20 p.20, May 1967.

This article was published on WeChat WeChat official account: Dongfanghongla (ID: dongfanghongla), please indicate the source.

　　Recently, the policies of mutual recognition and loan of housing provident fund and withdrawal from different places have been intensively introduced in many places, and the integration of provident fund has gradually become a fashion. Its linkage effect on regional economy and whether it affects the regional real estate market have attracted the attention of the outside world.

　　On November 5, the cooperation of housing provident fund loans in different places in Greater Nanchang Metropolitan Area was officially launched in Nanchang. Cooperation agreements were signed for the housing provident fund systems in Jiujiang, Yichun, Fuzhou, Shangrao and Nanchang.

　　On October 28th, Jiaodong Economic Circle introduced the policy of provident fund integration, which benefited Qingdao, Yantai, Weihai, Weifang and Rizhao. According to the policy, in the future, when employees who have paid the provident fund in five cities apply for loans in other four cities, they will no longer be restricted by whether they have local household registration, and they can enjoy the same rights and interests as the loan employees where the loan application institution is located.

　　In fact, this kind of provident fund cooperation between provinces and cities is not uncommon. According to incomplete statistics, more than 50 places have introduced new provident fund policies during the year, among which there are many new policies involving the integration of provident fund in the economic circle.

　　Wang Jinbin, deputy dean of the School of Economics of China Renmin University and professor of macroeconomics, told CBN that the mutual loan of provident fund in different places is an improvement of the provident fund system. When the flow of provident fund is not restricted by regions, it is beneficial to the flow of people and urbanization. Money goes with people, not people, which is conducive to improving the efficiency of factors and thus promoting the domestic cycle.

　　Cross-regional loans promote the turnover rate of provident fund in economic circle

　　Behind the acceleration of the integration of provident fund is the long-standing problem of uneven flow of provident fund in the same economic circle. The root cause is that most employees in the past can only make provident fund loans at the place where the provident fund is deposited.

　　According to the 2019 Annual Report of National Housing Provident Fund released in June, the withdrawal amount of housing provident fund in Beijing, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Guangzhou exceeded 100 billion yuan, while the withdrawal amount of housing provident fund in 12 other provinces was less than 30 billion yuan, and that in some areas was less than 10 billion yuan. In terms of loan amount, in 2019, Jiangsu’s housing provident fund loans were the highest, totaling 122.604 billion yuan, up 29.3% year-on-year, with Guangdong and Shanghai ranking second and third. In addition, housing provident fund loans in Shandong, Zhejiang, Sichuan, Beijing and Hubei exceeded 50 billion yuan.

　　Liu Lin, a researcher at China Macroeconomic Research Institute, once said that because funds can’t flow across regions, there are both insufficient liquidity and excess liquidity of housing provident fund. In areas where the housing market is hot, the amount of housing provident fund loans has dropped and queuing loans have occurred frequently, while in areas where the housing market is hot, a large number of housing provident funds have precipitated.

　　The large stock and the difficulty in destocking have restricted the development of the property market in third-and fourth-tier cities. Yan Yuejin, research director of the think tank center of Yiju Research Institute, said that the integration of provident fund in the economic circle has a great supporting effect on cross-city housing purchase.

　　Wang Jinbin analyzed that mutual loans from different places can divert some people who can’t afford housing prices in central cities, or those who have plans to return home, thus increasing the radiation effect of central cities and promoting the process of regional urbanization.

　　Xu Xiaole, chief analyst of RealData, believes that provident fund loan is a policy tool to support the demand for housing purchase, which can not directly promote the economic development of urban agglomerations, but is beneficial to population mobility. For regions with relatively balanced development among cities and strong population mobility, mutual recognition of provident funds has greater value space.

　　Xu Xiaole said that the proportion of provident fund in housing purchase is not high, especially in the core cities with higher housing prices. But it is good for some just-needed groups. Mutual recognition and mutual lending in urban circles can promote the reasonable distribution of customers with different housing needs among cities.

　　On March 28 this year, Sichuan and Chongqing established a cross-regional transfer and connection and mutual recognition and loan mechanism. According to the Chengdu Housing Provident Fund Management Center, as of October 23, through data sharing, employees who have deposited in Chengdu Center have applied for provident fund loans in Chongqing Center for more than 120 times, and more than 30 provident fund loans have been issued, with a total amount of about 13 million yuan.

　　Yan Yuejin said that the mutual recognition and loan mechanism of provident funds between the two places can promote the circulation of talents between the two places.

　　Limited benefit to the population and little short-term impact on the property market.

　　According to combing, there are at least seven cases of regional integration of housing provident fund in China.

　　First, in September 2019, 10 cities in Huaihai Economic Zone signed an integration agreement on housing provident fund. Second, in December 2019, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Housing Provident Fund information sharing platform was established. Third, in March, 2020, a symposium on the integrated development of housing provident fund in the economic circle of Chengdu and Chongqing was held. Fourth, in August 2020, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai and Anhui provinces and one city signed the Framework Agreement on Strategic Cooperation for the Integration of Housing Provident Funds in the Yangtze River Delta. Fifth, in September 2020, 20 cities in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River signed the Convention on Cooperation in Housing Provident Fund Management Centers of Urban Agglomerations in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River. Sixth, in October, 2020, the joint meeting on the integrated development of housing provident fund in Jiaodong Economic Circle was held in Qingdao. Seventh, in November 2020, the cooperation of housing provident fund loans in different places in the Greater Nanchang Metropolitan Area was officially launched in Nanchang.

　　As far as the economic circle is concerned, will the integration of provident fund relieve the pressure on central cities to lend provident fund, and will help third-and fourth-tier cities resist the siphon effect of central cities and raise housing prices?

　　Zhang Dawei, chief analyst of Zhongyuan Real Estate, believes that the purpose of this policy is to release the surplus population in big cities, but it has little impact on the real estate market in the economic circle.

　　"The withdrawal amount of the provident fund is low. For talents who work hard in first-tier cities, it is impossible to rely on the provident fund to buy commercial housing. Naturally, they will not give up their development opportunities in first-tier cities just because they can borrow from different places. The number of people who use the provident fund to lend in different places is still very small. " Zhang Dawei said.

　　A few days ago, nationwide, the deposit of provident fund was still narrow. It is reported that the number of employees paid into the national provident fund only accounts for about one-third of all employed people in cities and towns, and in 2019, employees in private enterprises accounted for about 68%. According to the 2019 Annual Report of the National Housing Provident Fund, among the indicators of "new housing provident fund paid employees", the proportion of employees in private enterprises nationwide is only 33%.

　　Zhang Dawei said that the practice of mutual loan of provident fund in different places does have "chicken ribs". "At present, if we want the provident fund system to have more radiation and greater influence, we should focus on how to use innovative means to increase the amount of provident fund loans available to employees in the local area, such as issuing discount loans."

　　It is worth noting that the mutual loan of provident fund in different places does not mean that buyers can obtain the qualification to buy a house in different places, and the barriers to buying a house in the economic circle still exist. Taking Chengdu-Chongqing area as an example, according to the conditions of the provident fund policy in the main city of Chongqing, only the first suite and the first mortgage can be used in the main city of Chongqing at the same time, and not every property in Chongqing supports provident fund loans.

　　Xu Xiaole told CBN that as a policy loan, the role of the provident fund system is still to meet the people who just need it, and the provident fund alone cannot stimulate the demand for real estate speculation.

Death Cell is one of the most popular roguelike games on steam. There are 32 ordinary maps, 10 boss maps and ten boss with different styles in the game, so that players can have a completely different good experience every time. In addition, the game also provides as many as 52 kinds of variations for players to construct their own play. This paper sorts out all 52 kinds of variation illustrations and variation drawings in the dead cells, including 12 kinds of tyrannical variation, 12 kinds of tactical variation, 13 kinds of survival variation and 15 kinds of general variation. Welcome to check.

Click to view: encyclopedia of dead cells

The illustrated encyclopedia of dead cell variation is as follows:

Tyrannical variation

There are 12 kinds of tyrannical variation, which are killing nature, combo, revenge, melee, open wound, corruption, adrenaline, frenzy, planning, taking the initiative to attack, hunters and hedgehog backpacks.

Tactical variation

There are 12 kinds of tactical variations, which are support, parting gift, tranquility, separation, shooter equipment, barbed arrow, close-range shooting, pain net, iron thistle, strategic retreat, hunter instinct and acrobatic backpack.

Survival variation

There are 13 kinds of survival variation, namely, endurance, Berserker, unyielding fighting spirit, counterattack, absorption, necromancy, extended treatment, cooking, hatred, frostbite, ice heart, killing rhythm and armadillo backpack.

Universal variation

There are 15 kinds of general variations, namely, coming back from the dead, regrouping, emergency treatment, speed, the heart of the dead, alienation, acceptance, masochism, leaving the front line, cold-blooded, Grandmaster at Arms, ammunition, gold coating, the recipe for getting rich and the blood of Midas.

　　(Reporter Zhu Kaiyun) Beijing Housing Provident Fund Management Center issued the "Announcement on Suspension of Related Business Handling for System Upgrade" yesterday. The announcement shows that from 0: 00 on April 23rd to 24: 00 on May 9th, Beijing Housing Provident Fund Management Center will carry out system upgrade. After the system upgrade is completed, from May 15th this year, citizens can check the balance and loans of personal provident fund through the "Beijing Provident Fund" APP, Alipay life number and WeChat WeChat official account "Beijing Provident Fund" three mobile phone clients. It is understood that the new system also uses the high-tech technology of face recognition, which will make the login more convenient and the information more secure.

　　It is understood that before the end of this year, the above-mentioned clients can realize functions such as personal provident fund withdrawal. In the future, the withdrawal of provident fund does not need to be handled by the unit manager, and individuals can handle it directly. Houses purchased in Beijing and traded through the online signing system of the Housing Construction Committee can complete the provident fund withdrawal business online with their personal ID cards without submitting other certificates or materials.

　　It should be noted that the Beijing Housing Provident Fund Management Center’s branches of the central government, the central state organs and the Beijing Railway are not included in this upgrade. In the next step, the systems of these three provident fund management sub-centers will also be gradually upgraded and connected with the system of Beijing Housing Provident Fund Management Center. After the four systems are connected, it will be more convenient to handle the transfer procedures between them.

　　During the system upgrade, some provident fund businesses will be suspended, including: housing provident fund, housing subsidies, housing reform and house sales, special maintenance funds for after-sale public housing, registration and account opening, deposit, withdrawal, transfer, transfer and information change of special maintenance funds for commercial housing; Personal loan application, lending, repayment and loan change of housing provident fund; Online business of Beijing Housing Provident Fund Network (www.bjgjj.gov.cn); Online business of Beijing Special Maintenance Fund Management System (www.bjzxwxzj.gov.cn) (except emergency withdrawal business); 12329 housing provident fund service hotline self-inquiry, repayment appointment and password reset business; Housing provident fund joint card application and joint card bank housing provident fund inquiry business.

　　related news

　　Last year, the amount of provident fund personal loans decreased by 50% year-on-year

　　(Reporter Zhu Kaiyun) Recently, the Beijing Housing Provident Fund Management Center announced the 2017 Annual Report of Beijing Housing Provident Fund. The report shows that in 2017, the housing accumulation fund was 171.159 billion yuan, an increase of 20.942 billion yuan over the previous year and a year-on-year increase of 13.9%. By the end of 2017, the housing accumulation fund had accumulated 1,111.627 billion yuan, breaking through the trillion-dollar mark for the first time.

　　In 2017, the real estate market cooled down. Has the amount of housing provident fund loans changed? According to the report, in 2017, the real estate market in Beijing continued to cool down under the influence of the "March 17 New Deal". In 2017, the sales area of commercial housing in Beijing was 8.75 million square meters, down 47.8% from the previous year. In terms of personal loans for housing provident fund, the amount of loans issued in 2017 decreased by 50.1% year-on-year, shrinking by half, and the corresponding number of loans issued and the amount of loan recovery decreased, while the cumulative amount of loans issued, the cumulative number of loans issued and the loan balance slowed down.

　　From the data of housing provident fund deposit, the number of paid-in units increased from 100,266 in 2014 to 158,263 in 2017, an increase of 57,997, with an increase of 57.8%. The number of paid-in employees increased from 5,713,900 in 2014 to 7,322,300 in 2017, an increase of 1,608,400, an increase of 28.1%. In 2017, there were 21.707 million permanent residents in Beijing, which means that one in every three people paid the housing provident fund.

　　Judging from the withdrawal situation, in 2017, a total of 3,257,300 employees paid housing provident fund withdrawal, accounting for 44.5% of the total number of employees who paid housing provident fund that year; A total of 126.191 billion yuan of housing provident fund was withdrawn, accounting for 73.7% of the housing provident fund collected in that year.

　　The number of new accounts opened in the report reflects the trend of Beijing’s population dissolving from the central city to the surrounding cities. According to the report, the number of newly opened accounts decreased by 1.9% in 2017. Excluding the three sub-centers, the number of newly opened accounts in Beijing decreased by 3.0%. Among them, the decline in the central city is obvious, and the average decline in the core areas (Dongcheng District and Xicheng District) is 7.8%; Other central urban areas (Chaoyang District, Haidian District, Fengtai District and Shijingshan District) decreased by 3.2% on average. The surrounding urban areas increased significantly, with Tongzhou District, the sub-center of the city, increasing by 13%, while other surrounding urban areas (Mentougou District, Fangshan District, Shunyi District, Changping District, Daxing District, Huairou District, Pinggu District, Miyun District and Yanqing District) increased by 7.8% on average.

　　Of the 57,818 housing units purchased with personal loans from Beijing’s housing provident fund in 2017, 64.2% were stock commercial housing, except for 27.6% affordable housing. Of these 57,818 housing units, 90.6% are first-time housing units and 68.0% are housing units with an area of less than 90 square meters. 88.7% of the applicants applied for housing provident fund personal loans for the first time, and 98.7% were middle and low income groups. The report shows that the housing provident fund personal loan mainly supports the rigid demand of middle-and low-income groups under the age of 40 to buy the first set of self-occupied small and medium-sized houses.

　　According to china construction news, on the afternoon of June 26th, Ni Hong, Party Secretary and Minister of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Rerublic of China met with Ge Haijiao, secretary of the Party Committee and chairman of Bank of China, and his party, and exchanged views on deepening the cooperation between the government and banks and promoting the high-quality development of housing and urban and rural construction.

　　Ni Hong pointed out that it is necessary to encourage and guide financial institutions to participate in urban construction and renewal, and promote the creation of livable, intelligent and resilient cities. It is necessary to build good houses for the people, improve the quality of housing, explore the establishment of a housing pension system, and provide life-cycle security for houses.

　　Among them, the "housing pension system" attracts people’s attention. Then, what is the "housing pension system"? Where does the "housing pension" money come from and what role does it play?

　　What is the "housing pension" system?

　　The "housing pension" system is not proposed for the first time.

　　The housing pension system is regarded as an institutional arrangement for the government to reserve housing security funds. The background of this proposal lies in the security risks brought by the aging of existing housing, but the existing special housing maintenance funds are difficult to meet the needs of housing maintenance and renovation.

　　According to the report of Architectural Magazine, during the two sessions this year, Chai Qiang, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and president of China Real Estate Appraisers and Real Estate Agents Association, brought the Proposal on Early Establishment of Housing Pension System to Ensure People’s Living Safety, which pointed out that at present, China’s stock housing maintenance mainly depends on special housing maintenance funds or owners’ self-raised funds. In a single residential area, the scale of funds collected is generally only 6 million yuan-9 million yuan or even lower. With the aging of houses and ancillary facilities, the demand for maintenance funds is increasing year by year, and the maintenance funds in some residential quarters are rapidly decreasing or even drying up. The existing special maintenance funds for houses are far from meeting the demand of "all repairs should be made". It is suggested that the establishment of housing pension system can provide financial guarantee for the establishment and operation of housing safety management system and better fulfill the government’s public housing safety responsibilities.

　　According to official website, the Standing Committee of Jiangsu Provincial People’s Congress, during the two sessions of the National People’s Congress this year, She Caigao, deputy to the National People’s Congress and secretary of the Party Committee and chairman of Nanjing Metro Group Co., Ltd., also suggested establishing a housing pension system to explore and solve the housing safety management problems. She Caigao pointed out that "housing pension is an institutional arrangement for the government to reserve housing security funds, which can speed up the elimination of hidden dangers in housing use and solve problems left over from history."

　　At the same time, since last year, the government has repeatedly proposed to study the establishment of a housing pension system.

　　After the collapse accident of Changsha residents’ self-built buildings on April 29, 2022, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development held a video conference on May 1 of that year and deployed a national special rectification work on the safety of self-built houses, pointing out that it is necessary to speed up the research and improvement of various systems of housing construction safety management, study and establish a housing physical examination system, and strengthen the safety guarantee of housing throughout its life cycle. It is necessary to study the establishment of a housing "pension" system to better solve the problem of the source of funds for the maintenance of existing houses.

　　On May 24, 2022, the General Office of the State Council issued the "Notice on the National Special Renovation Work Plan for the Safety of Self-built Houses", pointing out that "the mandatory standards for housing quality and safety should be improved, and the systems of regular physical examination, housing pension and housing quality insurance should be studied and established."

　　Why should we establish a "housing pension" system?

　　She Caigao pointed out that China’s stock housing has a long time span and a large number. Many houses were built before 2000. With the growth of housing age, the proportion of old houses continues to rise. The average age of some existing houses has reached 30-40 years, and the aging problems of houses such as structural instability, corrosion and aging of facilities, equipment and pipelines, roof leakage, and cold penetration of walls are endless. However, the special maintenance funds of some old communities are rapidly decreasing or even drying up. He took Nanjing as an example. Even in the old residential areas with special maintenance funds and current balance, nearly 30% of the residential areas still have a balance of less than 100,000 yuan, which is far from meeting the needs of aging maintenance of facilities and equipment in old residential areas at this stage.

　　In view of the phenomenon that the existing special maintenance funds for residential buildings can not meet the demand of "all repairs should be made", She Caigao suggested establishing a housing pension system.

　　Chai Qiang also pointed out in his proposal that according to "China Census Yearbook -2020" and related data, over 30% of urban family housing in China was built before this century. The scale of urban housing stock has exceeded 30 billion square meters, and with the growth of housing age, the proportion of old housing continues to rise. In view of the increasing scale of housing stock, involving more and more residents and families, it is urgent to take precautions, transform into preventive measures, and gradually accumulate "pension" for housing from now on.

　　Where does the "housing pension" money come from?

　　Regarding the question of where the "housing pension" money comes from, She Caigao suggested in her proposal that the housing pension can be managed by classification, which consists of two parts: public account and personal account.

　　Among them, the sources of public account funds are mainly land transfer fees, the balance of value-added income from maintenance funds, funds for the renovation of old residential areas, funds that should be collected from the transfer of "three for one industry" and urban property management awards and subsidies, etc., following the principle of "government-led, professional operation, overall use and earmarking" and adhering to the management concept of "two lines of revenue and expenditure", it is mainly used for public services such as daily compulsory physical examination of houses and purchase of comprehensive housing safety insurance.

　　Personal account refers to the residential special maintenance fund account, which is managed in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations on the management of special maintenance funds, and is mainly used for the maintenance, renovation and transformation of residential common parts and shared facilities and equipment after the warranty period expires.

　　Chai Qiang said in his Proposal on Early Establishment of Housing Pension System to Ensure People’s Living Safety that the establishment of housing pension system can provide financial guarantee for the establishment and operation of housing safety management system and better fulfill the government’s housing public safety responsibilities.

　　It is suggested that a certain proportion should be drawn from the land transfer income (land price) or net income (transfer income minus transfer cost) in the current year, such as more than 5% of land transfer income or more than 20% of net land transfer income, as a housing pension. Because the land transfer income mainly comes from the house, the land price or land transfer fee is charged at one time when the real estate development land is supplied, especially the land value-added income is actually mainly "taken from the house", and the land price accounts for a high proportion in the house price through bidding, auction and auction, which squeezes out the necessary expenses for ensuring the quality of housing construction and maintenance and renewal.

　　At the same time, give full play to the financial support role of housing pension in the life cycle safety management of housing, establish a housing physical examination system, use housing pension to carry out regular housing physical examination, "treat diseases" for old houses, realize housing safety testing, emergency evacuation and accident risk protection, form a long-term housing safety mechanism, and provide housing with life cycle safety protection.

　　Urban pilot is on the way.

　　Since the beginning of this year, the establishment of a housing pension system has been mentioned many times. Apart from some NPC deputies and CPPCC members suggesting the establishment of a housing pension system to solve the maintenance problem of old houses, a national video conference on special rectification of self-built houses was held in April this year. The meeting pointed out that it is necessary to actively build a long-term mechanism for housing safety management, accelerate the local legislation on housing safety management, and actively promote the "three systems" pilot of housing pension, regular physical examination of houses and housing quality insurance and the pilot of cross-departmental comprehensive supervision of self-built houses.

　　At the same time, some cities have explored the pilot work of housing pension system.

　　According to official website of Jiangsu Housing and Urban-Rural Development Department, on May 12th this year, Zhou Tao, a first-class inspector of the real estate market supervision department of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, and his party went to Nanjing to investigate and explore the pilot work of housing pension system and held a forum. At the symposium, the research team listened to the introduction of Jiangsu Province and Nanjing City on exploring the establishment of a housing pension system. Participants exchanged views on the necessity and feasibility of establishing a housing pension system, as well as the problems existing in the management and use of residential special maintenance funds and relevant suggestions.

　　The Central Finger Research Institute believes that the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development once again emphasizes "exploring the establishment of a housing pension system to provide life-cycle security for houses", or indicates that the construction and pilot of the housing pension system will be accelerated, which is conducive to better solving the funding problem of the renovation of old communities and improving the living quality and living environment of residents.

　　Chen Xiao, a senior analyst at Zhuge Data Research Center, mentioned that the exchange between the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the Bank of China also conveyed that the implementation of housing pension may be explored by means of cooperation between government and banks.