标签归档 夜上海

　　100 years ago, in the 1921 solar New Year, it snowed heavily in Changsha, Hunan. A dozen young intellectuals came to Chaozong Street Cultural Bookstore to hold the New Year’s Conference of Changsha Students of Xinmin Society, following the trend of saving the nation promoted by the May 4th advanced culture.

　　The meeting was held in an unremarkable small house, but the topic of discussion was the method and purpose of transforming China and the world. Mao Zedong, 28, made two speeches at the meeting. These two speeches were later included in the first volume of Mao Zedong’s Collected Works with the title "Speech at the Changsha General Meeting of Xinmin Society" as the beginning of the book.

　　In April 1918, thirteen people, including Mao Zedong, Cai Hesen, Xiao Zisheng and He Shuheng, established Xinmin Society in Cai Hesen. The purpose of the society is to "innovate academics, sharpen conduct and improve people’s hearts and customs". Members are required not to be hypocritical, lazy, wasteful, gambling or whoring. From its founding in 1918 to the establishment of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in 1921, Xinmin Society has been active for more than three years, with about 80 members. Most of these people later embarked on the revolutionary road. This is the former site of the founding meeting of Xinmin Society.

　　Mao Zedong said in his speech: I am in favor of the Russian-style revolutionary road, which is a road that all roads can’t take new inventions. He also compared the methods of social democracy and anarchism, and thought that "the fierce method of communism, that is, the so-called labor-agriculture, can predict the effect by using the method of class dictatorship, so it is best to adopt it."

　　Take this speech as the opening of the Collected Works of Mao Zedong, because it marks that Mao Zedong has chosen the revolutionary road of Marxism–Leninism. In fact, a month ago, Mao Zedong wrote a long letter to Cai Hesen and Xiao Zisheng, members of Xinmin Society in France, in which he devoted a lot of space to discussing the methods and purposes of transforming China and the world. In his letter, Mao Zedong said: Cai Hesen advocated the Russian-style revolution to transform China, while Xiao Zisheng and others disagreed with it and advocated the moderate revolution and education. Mao Zedong made it clear that he deeply agreed with Cai Hesen and disagreed with Xiao Zisheng and others. "I don’t think it is possible to use education. In my opinion, the Russian-style revolution is a change that all roads are exhausted. It is not a better way to abandon it, but to adopt this horrible method. " Mao Zedong’s letter was later included in Selected Letters of Mao Zedong as the opening.

　　"All roads are impassable at the end of our resources", Mao Zedong summed up the bitter mental journey of people with lofty ideals exploring the road of national rejuvenation in modern times with ten words. Since 1840, saving the country and finding a way to revive the nation have become the basic political themes of modern China.

　　In the second half of the 19th century, Chinese had made many attempts: the Westernization Movement, which only used some foreign guns and modern industrial technology, could not save China; the Reform Movement of 1898, which the upper-class scholar-officials had hoped to rely on the support of Emperor Guangxu for reform, failed again; the old boxer rebellion initiated by the lower-class people also failed; and the bourgeois revolution led by Sun Yat-sen failed to change the fate of China … …

　　In July, 1920, the members of Xinmin Society who went to France for work-study programs held a meeting in Mondal, France, and discussed and determined the purpose of Xinmin Society "to transform China and the world". As for the method of transformation, opinions are divided. Cai Hesen and others advocated accepting Marxism, organizing communist party and taking the Russian-style revolutionary road; Others advocate using education as a tool to carry out a "moderate revolution". In August, Cai Hesen, Xiao Zisheng and Li Weihan wrote to Mao Zedong respectively, stating their views. This is a group photo of the members attending the meeting.

　　Qian Shan has traveled all over the world, but he can’t enter through the door. The spiritual pain torments generations of people with lofty ideals in China.Where is the way out for China?

　　In February, 1899, two names that were unfamiliar to Chinese appeared for the first time in the No.122 World Bulletin published by the Shanghai Broadcasting Society, namely Marx and Engels. This article, translated by missionary timothy richard and written by China priest Cai Erkang, said, "He is famous as the leader of Hundred Workers, and the Englishman Marx is also". Then, Zhu Zhixin, Chen Wangdao, Ma Junwu, Liu Shipei, Jiang Kanghu and others also wrote and translated Marx’s theory. A number of Japanese works introducing Marx’s socialist theory have been translated into Chinese and published in Shanghai.

　　At this time, Marx’s revolutionary theory and socialist theory were only introduced as a new trend of thought.

　　Only when thoughts are illuminated by practice can they fundamentally affect human historical choices.

　　In 1914, there was a worldwide catastrophe in human history — — The first world war broke out. This four-year war has clearly exposed the social contradictions inherent in the capitalist system in western countries in a sharper form than ever before. The devastation after the catastrophe, economic depression and social unrest have greatly disappointed the intellectuals in China who were once obsessed with western capitalist civilization.

　　“灵台无计逃神矢，风雨如磐暗故园。”就在中国先进知识分子在黑暗中苦苦求索时，1917年，俄国取得了十月革命的胜利，建立了劳动人民当家作主的劳农政府，第一次把社会主义从理论学说变成了活生生的现实。它像一缕新世纪的曙光，照亮了暗夜中国的前程。

　　于是，走俄国革命的道路，成为那时一批中国先进知识分子的鲜明主张，马克思主义的传播也因此成为五四新文化运动一种重要的新思潮。

　　1918年11月，北京大学图书馆主任李大钊在天安门广场发表了题为《庶民的胜利》和《布尔什维主义的胜利》的两次演说。李大钊热情洋溢地告诉世人：俄国十月革命的胜利，是民主主义的胜利，是社会主义的胜利。试看将来的环球，必是赤旗的世界。

　　那天，在李大钊讲演的现场听众中，就有25岁的湖南青年毛泽东。也就是从此以后，毛泽东开始具体了解十月革命和马克思主义，阅读了许多关于俄国情况的书。毛泽东后来对斯诺回忆说：当时阅读了《共产党宣言》、考茨基的《阶级斗争》、柯卡普的《社会主义史》这三本书，对他影响很大，建立起他对马克思主义的信仰。到1920年夏天，他已成为一个马克思主义者了。

　　On New Year’s Day in 1921, Mao Zedong called 18 members of Xinmin Society in Changsha and held a New Year’s Congress in the Cultural Bookstore, which lasted for three days. After intense discussion, everyone finally agreed that the aim of Xinmin Society is to "transform China and the world". As for how to reform, Mao Zedong and He Shuheng and other 12 people agreed with Bolshevism and expressed their belief in communism. This is a speech (part) made by Mao Zedong in the conference report of Xinmin Society.

　　Marx said: "The degree to which theory is realized in a country always depends on the degree to which theory meets the needs of this country." A theory, no matter how correct, fresh and publicized, will not be the object of historical choice if people do not have strong internal needs. Marxism–Leninism’s revolutionary theory just gave a brand-new answer to the advanced elements in China who were struggling to find their way at that time.

　　In the summer of 1921, more than a dozen young people, including Mao Zedong, took up Marxism–Leninism’s ideological weapon and quietly unveiled a groundbreaking scene in China’s modern history — —Established the Communist Party of China (CPC).

　　So the red ship of China Revolution set sail.

　　This little red boat, bearing the great trust of the people and the hope of the nation, has crossed rapids and rapids and crossed stormy waves in the magnificent century-long journey, and today it has become a mighty ship to lead China in a stable and far-reaching way.

Young Bruce Lee (right) and Master Ip Man.

Forty years ago, a generation of kung fu superstar Bruce Lee suddenly died in Hong Kong at the age of 33, which shocked the Chinese world. Regarding the cause of his death, although the answer given by the court is "drug allergy", there are still many arguments and speculations about it, which have been debated for many years.

Died at the gossip girl’s house

After the accident in Bruce Lee, some media have disclosed the scene in detail. It is reported that at about 1 pm on July 20th, 1973, Bruce Lee’s wife, Linda, went out, and Bruce Lee said that she would discuss the movie "The Game of Death" with Zou Wenhuai. At about 2 pm, Zou Wenhuai came to Bruce Lee’s house. They talked about the script outline of the film for a while, and then left together. At about 4 pm, the two went to the home of actress Ding Pei, who was also Bruce Lee’s gossip girlfriend, and agreed to meet Australian actor George Racimby in the evening. The three talked about "The Game of Death" for more than two hours. At about 7 pm, Bruce Lee said that he was "uncomfortable" and "had a headache". Ding Pei gave him a painkiller that she often took, and Bruce Lee went to sleep in Ding Pei’s bedroom. At about 8 pm, Zou Wenhuai went to pick up George Racimby. Half an hour later, Ding Pei went into the bedroom to see Bruce Lee. Seeing that he had fallen asleep, he called Zou Wenhuai and said, "Bruce Lee slept soundly."

At 9 o’clock in the evening, Bruce Lee was still awake. At 9: 45, Zou Wenhuai came to Ding Pei’s house. He tried to wake Bruce Lee, but Li didn’t respond. Ding Pei immediately called her personal doctor. About 10 o’clock, the doctor rushed to Ding Pei’s house and found that Bruce Lee was in a coma, and had no heartbeat, pulse and breathing. Although his pupils were not fully opened, they had no "vital signs". The last few people rushed Bruce Lee to the hospital, but Bruce Lee was confirmed dead.

All friends and brothers lie.

Zou Wenhuai was the first to reveal the news of Bruce Lee’s death to the outside world, but in a statement to the press, he claimed that Bruce Lee died in his own home, and his wife, Linda, was also beside Bruce Lee. In addition, Bruce Lee’s brother Li Zhongchen also said that his brother had an accident in a private apartment, which aroused media suspicion. Later, in an in-depth interview, the reporter dug up the ambulance’s "driving record" and confirmed that Bruce Lee was not transported to the hospital from his own home, but from the gossip girlfriend Ding Pei’s home, thus causing an uproar.

Public opinion is directed at Zou Wenhuai, but some media "feel wronged" for him, saying that Zou Wenhuai lied in good faith, because Bruce Lee and Ding Pei have already had scandals. If Bruce Lee’s death is related to Ding Pei, his image may be completely ruined.

The actress tried her best to leave the relationship.

Because he had an affair with Ding Pei, Bruce Lee died in his bedroom in Ding Pei. At that time, many people suspected that his death was related to feelings. Ding Pei also lost his mind in the days that followed, his spirit was almost insane, and his manners and remarks were quite rude. At that time, a reporter asked her if Bruce Lee was sent to the hospital from her home. Ding Pei actually answered irrelevant questions and screamed at the top of her voice: "Bruce Lee and I are innocent, I believe it will come out soon!"

To clarify the relationship, Ding Pei argued: "The report about Bruce Lee’s coma in my house is totally incorrect! When he died, I was not at home. I went out with my mother. The last time I saw Bruce Lee, it was a few months ago, and I accidentally met it on the road. " This statement is obviously contrary to the statement that "he died in Ding Pei’s bedroom", so people are more suspicious of Ding Pei’s ulterior motives.

The court said that he died suddenly.

Bruce Lee’s death caused a heated discussion at that time. In view of social pressure, the court heard the case two months later. After a series of investigations and evidence collection, on the morning of September 24th, 1973, the court finally ruled that Bruce Lee "died unexpectedly". The court held that Bruce Lee died of severe brain edema. It was caused by the severe allergic reaction caused by the combination of the painkillers containing Miritong and aspirin, which led to Bruce Lee’s death.

However, this is not recognized by everyone. Phil Jenkins, an expert at Cook County Death Cause Research Office in Chicago, USA, once pointed out that the autopsy report pointed out that Bruce Lee’s neck was not swollen, indicating that he didn’t die of drug allergic reaction, thus inferring that Bruce Lee died of sudden epileptic death. Phil Jenkins pointed out that sudden epileptic death can cause epileptic symptoms, leading to the failure of the heart or lungs. This disease mainly occurs in men aged 20 to 40. Lack of sleep and stress will increase the chances of illness, and Bruce Lee’s case meets the relevant conditions.

Friends have their own opinions.

Compared with the expert’s statement, the Legal Evening News on January 10th, 2008 quoted Du Huidong, a senior behind-the-scenes Hong Kong film and a good friend of Bruce Lee. He broke the news that Bruce Lee died because the raw beef and banana juice he drank every day conflicted with the medicine he took. Du Huidong has been a journalist in Hongkong since 1971, and he is quite familiar with Bruce Lee. Du Huidong said that Bruce Lee, who received American-style education, had long learned the American habit of using drugs to strengthen muscles. He had to eat nearly 100 vitamins, muscle enhancers and quick-acting nutrients every day, and he had to drink a large glass of raw beef banana juice every day, which probably conflicted with drugs.

Du Huidong also revealed that Bruce Lee loved to use the muscle fiber vibration machine invented by the Japanese six months before his death. He recalled that Bruce Lee said at that time that pulling the spring to lift the dumbbell would reach the limit after 300 to 500 strokes. However, after using the muscle vibration machine, shaking the muscles for 3 minutes by electricity would get twice the result with half a day. However, it is understood that the method of electric exercise is actually messing up the physiological clock, which makes people tireless. One year after Bruce Lee’s death, an Indonesian overseas Chinese named "Xieyuan" also used the same muscle fiber vibration machine to exercise, resulting in sudden death due to head congestion. Soon after, this kind of electric fitness equipment disappeared from the market.

However, Chengdu Evening News once reported that Jackie Chan was interviewed in 2008. The article points out that although Bruce Lee did have unhealthy physical training such as muscle electric shock before his death, he was also found to contain cannabis residues in his body after his death, which is considered to be the cause of Bruce Lee’s death, but in the view of his good friend Jackie Chan, it is not the case at all. Jackie Chan revealed that Bruce Lee was in a state of "preoccupation" for some time before his accident.