Today (June 1), Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention issued a health reminder for June, especially reminding people to pay attention to novel coronavirus infection, hand, foot and mouth disease, epidemic hemorrhagic fever, brucellosis, rabies, respiratory infectious diseases and food-borne diseases.
First, novel coronavirus infection
As of early May, XBB series mutants have become the main epidemic strains in Covid-19, China. Compared with the early epidemic branches in Omicron, the pathogenicity of XBB series mutants has not changed significantly. It is suggested that people should continue to do personal protection and health management.
Health tips
(1) It is suggested that those who meet the requirements should be vaccinated with Covid-19 vaccine as soon as possible without any contraindications. The target population of vaccination at this stage is: ① people who are not infected and have not completed the established immunization program. Including uninfected people aged 3-17 who have not completed basic immunization, uninfected people aged over 18 who have not completed the first dose of booster immunization, and uninfected people aged over 18 who have not completed the second dose of booster immunization; ② People who have been infected and have not completed basic immunization.
(2) Do a good job in daily protection. Wear masks scientifically, pay attention to hygiene habits, wash hands frequently, pay attention to cough etiquette, gather less, open windows regularly at home and workplace for ventilation, and do a good job in daily hygiene in the room.
(3) Strengthen personal health management. Pay close attention to your family and your own health every day. If you have symptoms such as fever, dry cough, fatigue, sore throat, decreased sense of smell, diarrhea, etc., avoid going to school or work with illness, and go to a fever clinic in a nearby hospital as appropriate. Wear a mask all the way to the hospital and try to avoid taking public transport.
(4) Once infected with Covid-19, it is recommended not to go out unless necessary, to avoid going to crowded public places, not to participate in gathering activities, and to wear masks all the time. During the period of living at home, infected people should reduce close contact with their roommates, do a good job in self-health monitoring, and see a doctor in time if necessary.
Second, hand, foot and mouth disease
Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease in children caused by enterovirus infection, mostly in children under 5 years old. The monitoring data over the years show that April-July is the main epidemic season of hand, foot and mouth disease in Shaanxi, and it has entered a high incidence period.
Health tips
(1) Vaccination with EV71 vaccine can effectively prevent hand, foot and mouth disease caused by EV71 virus and effectively reduce the risk of severe illness and death.
(2) Pay attention to hand hygiene, especially before touching the nose and mouth, before meals, after defecation, or after going out and going home, after touching herpes/respiratory secretions, after changing diapers or handling articles contaminated by feces, wash your hands with flowing clean water+hand sanitizer or soap to guide children to master the "seven-step washing method".
(3) Pay attention to ventilation, and open the window for ventilation 2-3 times a day. During the epidemic of hand, foot and mouth disease, try to avoid taking children to places where people gather and the air circulation is poor.
(4) Always change and dry clothes, bedding, towels and diapers; Clean and disinfect toys, personal hygiene utensils, tableware and other items every day.
(5) Pay attention to the health status of children. Once there is fever, rash (especially perianal rash) or oral ulcer, go to medical institutions in time. Delayed treatment or misdiagnosis may easily lead to the development of children into severe cases and even lead to death.
(6) Nursery institutions should strictly implement measures such as morning and afternoon check-up, absence from class due to illness, epidemic report, ventilation and disinfection, etc., report sick children in isolation in time, and do a good job in the discovery, response and disposal of aggregated and outbreak epidemics.
Iii. Epidemic hemorrhagic fever
Hemorrhagic fever is a natural epidemic disease caused by Hantavirus, with rodents as the main source of infection, and the incidence rate is high among farmers who often work or have activities in the field. In the recent summer harvest season, outdoor activities and field work have increased the chances of contact with rodents and their pollutants. It is recommended that the masses do a good job in protection.
Health tips
(1) Vaccination is the most important and effective measure to prevent hemorrhagic fever. Vaccination should be carried out in time and in the whole process according to relevant vaccination requirements.
(2) Strengthen personal protection and develop good hygiene habits. Try to avoid contact with rats and their excreta pollutants, and don’t stay overnight in outdoor places such as orchards to prevent mites from biting; Rodent control measures can be implemented for a long time in key places such as villages, orchards, vegetable gardens and farms.
(3) Do not eat cold food, water, etc., especially those contaminated by rodents; Wear masks, hats and gloves when cleaning up messy things and wastes (such as straw and corn stalks).
(4) In case of fever, muscle soreness, skin bleeding and other symptoms, you should go to the hospital in time.
Fourth, brucellosis
Brucellosis (brucellosis for short), also known as lazy disease, is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by brucellosis. Sheep, cattle and pigs suffering from brucellosis are the main sources of brucellosis in human beings, and it is clinically characterized by long-term fever, sweating, fatigue, joint pain, hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy.
Health tips
(1) Buy sheep from a regular sheep farm without brucellosis epidemic, and conduct quarantine and immunization on the sheep regularly.
(2) Livestock should be kept in captivity, separated from humans and animals, avoiding water sources, and not scattered and mixed.
(3) Occupational people engaged in livestock breeding, fur and milk meat processing, veterinarians, etc., should take personal protection in the process of occupational contact such as breeding, wear work clothes, masks, rubber gloves and other protective articles, and do not directly contact with sick livestock products. At the same time, Ying Qin should wash hands and disinfect, change clothes, maintain environmental hygiene, and conduct regular physical examination, and treat suspicious symptoms in time.
(4) Pay attention to food safety, do not drink raw milk or eat raw meat, and separate raw and cooked chopping boards when cooking.
Five, rabies
Summer is the high incidence of dog injuries. The sultry weather can easily make dogs fidgety and impulsive. At the same time, people wear thin clothes in summer and are easily bitten and scratched by dogs.
Health tips
(1) Scientifically manage pets. Families who keep pets should apply for dog registration certificate, vaccinate their pets in time, and keep their pets in captivity, and don’t abandon them at will.
(2) When walking dogs, dog chains, muzzle covers and dog cages should be used to control the range of activities and behaviors of dogs and avoid the occurrence of dog injuries.
(3) Avoid contact with wild animals and stray animals, do not tease and play with cats, dogs and other animals, do not disturb dogs that are eating, sleeping or caring for their cubs, and do not let animals lick skin wounds.
(4) After being bitten by dogs, cats and other animals, you should go to the nearby standardized dog injury treatment clinic as soon as possible.
(5) In contrast, children are more dangerous to be bitten. The bitten wound is deep and serious, and the closer it is to the head, neck, face and hands, the more dangerous it is, which requires special attention. It is necessary to strictly wash the wound, inject immunoglobulin, choose more efficient vaccine and vaccinate according to the procedure.
Six, respiratory infectious diseases
June is still the high incidence season of respiratory infectious diseases such as mumps, scarlet fever, chickenpox, rubella and measles, and schools and kindergartens should be alert to the outbreak of the epidemic.
Health tips
(1) Vaccinate infectious diseases such as measles, chickenpox, mumps, etc. which are prevented by vaccines in time and in the whole process according to relevant vaccination requirements.
(2) Pay attention to good personal hygiene habits, wash your hands frequently, cover your nose and mouth with paper towels when sneezing and coughing, and do not touch your eyes, mouth and nose with your hands. Wash and dry clothes and bedding frequently.
(3) Open the window regularly for ventilation several times every day to keep the indoor air fresh.
(4) Try to avoid going to crowded places, wear a mask when there are symptoms such as fever, sore throat and cough, and reduce contact with others.
(5) Schools and child care institutions should focus on preventing small-scale outbreaks of respiratory infectious diseases, strengthen environmental sanitation and ventilation and disinfection of classrooms in schools, and implement measures such as morning and afternoon inspection, absenteeism registration and epidemic report.
Seven, food-borne diseases
The weather is getting hotter and hotter, and the rising temperature creates conditions for the proliferation of bacteria, food is more prone to decay and deterioration, and food-borne diseases have also entered a high incidence period.
Health tips
(1) Develop good personal hygiene habits, wash your hands before and after meals, after touching dirty things and before processing and making food, and disinfect tableware regularly.
(2) canteens and families should strictly control the quality of food, and must not buy spoiled poultry, eggs, meat and aquatic products for the sake of greed.
(3) Pay attention to kitchen and food hygiene, and separate raw and cooked chopping boards when cooking; Do not eat food that is not thoroughly cooked, and do not drink unclean raw water; Eat as much food as possible, eat little or no leftovers, and put them in the refrigerator if there are any leftovers. When eating out, you must pay attention to choosing a regular restaurant or restaurant with good sanitary conditions.
(4) Pay attention to insects and rats indoors, and strengthen the sanitary management of feces, garbage and sewage.
(5) If there are symptoms such as diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain and bloody stool, you should go to the hospital in time.
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Source: Shaanxi CDC
Editor | Long Yi
Edit | He Ye
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