At present, carbon neutrality has become a global consensus, and countries all over the world have pressed the "fast forward button" one after another. After announcing that the emission reduction rate will be tripled, Germany proposed again on February 28th that it plans to accelerate the expansion of wind energy and solar energy infrastructure, and realize the power supply target of 100% renewable energy 15 years ahead of schedule to 2035. China’s "3060" double carbon target and process have also become the focus of attention from all walks of life. In the process of achieving the goal of "double carbon", renewable energy represented by photovoltaic and wind energy is undoubtedly the main force.
At the two sessions this year, Liu Hanyuan, deputy to the National People’s Congress and chairman of the board of directors of Tongwei Group, put forward relevant suggestions on promoting the sustainable and healthy development of renewable energy and helping the double-carbon target to land effectively. For example, it is suggested to support the development of renewable energy industries such as photovoltaic, and the production energy consumption of raw materials and all links in the industrial chain is not included in the total energy consumption assessment.
Liu Hanyuan, deputy to the National People’s Congress and chairman of the board of directors of Tongwei Group Image source: Photo courtesy of the enterprise
In the process of realizing carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions, renewable energy represented by photovoltaic and wind energy is undoubtedly the main force. Over the past decade, the cost of photovoltaic power generation has dropped by more than 90%, making it the most economical power generation mode in the world. The cost of photovoltaic power generation in China has been reduced to less than 0.3 yuan/kWh, and it is predicted that it will be reduced to less than 0.25 yuan/kWh during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, which is lower than most coal-fired power generation. If the cost of ecological environment is further considered, the advantages of photovoltaic power generation will be more obvious.
Liu Hanyuan said that from the consumption side, transportation oil accounts for about 70% of China’s annual crude oil consumption, while the fuel cost per 100 kilometers of fuel vehicles is about 4 to 5 times that of electric vehicles, so the electricity price at the consumption side is 1/4 to 1/5 of the oil price in terms of equivalent energy output. At present, the world crude oil price is close to $100/barrel. If the average price in 2021 is $70/barrel, the electricity price cost of equivalent energy is about $15. At present, photovoltaic has been connected to the Internet at a low price, so the cost of power generation has actually dropped to the price of $15/barrel of crude oil, and the whole process of power generation has zero pollution and zero emission.
From the perspective of reducing carbon emissions, China has now formed a photovoltaic system capacity of about 200GW, and its products generate electricity every year, which is equivalent to the equivalent energy output of 100 million tons of crude oil, while consuming 100 million tons of crude oil will generate about 350 million tons of carbon emissions, and producing a 200GW photovoltaic system will generate about 10.5 million tons of carbon emissions. That is to say, for every ton of carbon emission produced by manufacturing photovoltaic system, its products will reduce 33 tons of carbon emission every year after power generation.
From the perspective of energy input and output, the whole process of producing 1kw photovoltaic power generation system needs about 300kwh, while 1kw system can generate about 1500kwh per year, which means that the energy consumption of the whole process of manufacturing photovoltaic system can be fully recovered within half a year after the completion of the power station. The system can run stably for more than 25 years, and the power returned in the whole life cycle is more than 50 times of the input, which is a typical "small energy" to "big energy" industry.
Liu Hanyuan believes that from the above perspectives, renewable energy represented by photovoltaic has become the main force to help achieve the goal of double carbon. However, the development of the industry still faces some problems, which has delayed the landing of the double carbon target to some extent. Last year, due to the shortage of coal supply, rising prices and increasing demand for electricity, power shortages occurred in many parts of the country. On August 17, 2021, the National Development and Reform Commission issued the notice of "Barometer on the Completion of Dual Control Targets of Energy Consumption in Various Regions in the First Half of 2021", which informed the completion of various regions, and many provinces (regions) were included in the red first-level warning. Subsequently, many provinces (regions) across the country, especially those with first-class early warning, suddenly cut off electricity and limited production in order to achieve the goal of double control throughout the year, which further aggravated the situation of power shortage and seriously affected the normal production and operation of enterprises.
Liu Hanyuan said that in view of the sports and sudden carbon reduction in various places, the central government decisively corrected the deviation in time, and clearly emphasized at the Central Economic Work Conference that "it is necessary to correctly understand and grasp peak carbon dioxide emissions’s carbon neutrality and unswervingly push it forward, but it is impossible to accomplish all its achievements in one battle", "it is necessary to scientifically assess that new renewable energy and raw material energy consumption are not included in the total energy consumption control, and create conditions to realize the" double control "of energy consumption to the total carbon emission and intensity as soon as possible. The timely rectification by the central government has largely curbed the aggressive and sudden carbon reduction. However, due to the uneven understanding in various places, there are still problems in some places that supporting measures are not in place and relevant policies have not landed.
In order to promote the effective implementation of China’s double carbon target, Liu Hanyuan suggested that:
First, it is suggested to support the development of renewable energy industries such as photovoltaic, and the production energy consumption of raw materials and all links in the industrial chain should not be included in the total energy consumption assessment. In 2021, there was a large-scale power shortage in China, and the fundamental reason was that fossil energy kept withdrawing and the development speed of renewable energy failed to keep up. Therefore, it is suggested that the photovoltaic industry should not be included in the total energy consumption assessment, so as to further accelerate its development and meet the needs of energy transformation.
Second, it is suggested to improve relevant norms and standards as soon as possible, support corresponding policies and mechanisms, increase support, and guide electric vehicles to become power grid energy storage terminals. At present, electric vehicles can travel about 300 kilometers on average once charged, and about 300,000 kilometers after 1000 times charged, which basically covers the mileage of family cars during their service life. However, the charge and discharge life of the battery is 2000-3000 times, and it will reach 5000 times in the next few years, so there are a lot of redundant times. In addition, the average daily use time of family cars is no more than 3 hours, and there is a lot of idle time. With the substantial increase in the number of electric vehicles, if idle resources can be effectively utilized and connected to the system as distributed energy storage units, they will be online most of the time except for running time, and become a part of power grid energy storage, micro-grid energy storage, community energy storage and household energy storage. Selling electricity to the power grid in the reverse direction when the power grid is under high load, and storing the surplus power when the power grid is under low load. While making contributions to the power grid, the corresponding income can be obtained through the price difference between charging and discharging through the market-oriented mechanism, thus reducing the cost of purchasing the whole vehicle or battery pack and truly realizing the benign interaction between the electric vehicle and the power grid. This can not only effectively improve the efficiency of the power grid, reduce the power loss, and greatly improve the utilization rate of idle resources, but also further strengthen the renewable energy use scenarios, improve the utilization rate of renewable energy, and help achieve the double-carbon goal. In addition, the intelligent transformation of the power grid will also stimulate the corresponding investment.
Third, it is suggested to improve the self-sufficiency rate of zero-carbon and low-carbon energy in renewable energy manufacturing industries such as photovoltaic. It is suggested that it should be allowed to build its own photovoltaic and wind power stations, and improve the corresponding institutional mechanisms, policies and measures, and reduce the internet access fee, so as to realize spontaneous self-use, which not only meets the incremental energy demand, but also does not increase carbon emissions, and realizes all-green production at the manufacturing end.
national business daily
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