Recently, the World Health Organization warned that due to the influence of climate change, dengue fever and other diseases mainly transmitted by mosquitoes have become faster and more influential. Imported cases of dengue fever have also been found in some cities around Shanghai.
On April 14th, Pan Hao, deputy director of the Institute of Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control of Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, introduced that mosquitoes can spread more than 80 infectious diseases such as dengue fever. According to the World Health Organization, 129 countries and regions around the world are at risk of dengue fever transmission, among which 100 countries and regions are endemic.
In this regard, Shanghai Aiwei Office said that Shanghai will further strengthen vector control focusing on mosquitoes, and carry out anti-mosquito and anti-mosquito operations in spring to effectively protect the health of citizens.
According to the Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the density of adult mosquitoes is mainly affected by weather factors. This winter, the temperature in Shanghai is high and the low temperature days are few. The average temperature in March is higher than normal, which leads to the early spring mosquito activity and breeding time.
According to the monitoring data of Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, in March this year, the positive rate of mosquito breeding sites in Shanghai in early spring increased compared with that in 2022. According to the survey results of mosquitoes in early spring, the mosquito density in Shanghai this year will be slightly higher than that in the same period of last year, and will reach the annual density peak in June.
Pan Hao, deputy director of the Institute of Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control of Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said that mosquitoes can spread more than 80 infectious diseases such as dengue fever. In China, dengue fever is a Class B legal infectious disease, which is usually prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, such as southern provinces such as Guangdong. However, due to global warming caused by El Ni? o, dengue fever epidemic areas have gradually moved northward, gradually expanding from the original southern provinces to the whole country.
Since the outbreak in COVID-19, the risk of occurrence and prevalence of vector-borne diseases has been reduced due to the limited mobility of people. However, with the recent return to normal domestic and international personnel flow, the risk of vector-borne diseases such as dengue fever being imported into Shanghai will gradually increase. "Pan Hao said.
Pan Hao further pointed out that dengue fever is an acute infectious disease caused by dengue virus. Typical symptoms include persistent fever, headache, muscle pain, joint pain, etc. It can be divided into common dengue fever and hemorrhagic dengue fever, and the latter has a higher mortality rate. People who are bitten by Aedes albopictus (commonly known as "spotted mosquito" or "flower mosquito") carrying the virus may be recruited. At present, there is no specific vaccine or drug for dengue fever. The key is to kill mosquitoes, clear the breeding ground of Aedes albopictus and cut off the transmission route.
Liu Hongxia, chief physician of the Institute of Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control, Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said that when the temperature is higher than 20℃, mosquitoes begin to suck blood to produce the first generation of mosquitoes, which are called "early spring mosquitoes". With the increase of temperature and rainfall, the density of mosquito vectors will gradually increase.
In this regard, the Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention will further monitor and build an emergency response team. Neighborhood committees and properties in residential areas should raise awareness of mosquito control, actively conduct key investigations on rainwater wells, collecting wells, open ditches and other mosquito breeding places in residential areas, and do a good job in publicity to mobilize residents to participate together.
Experts suggest that residents should keep their family environment clean and tidy, and promptly "rummage through the jars" to thoroughly remove the accumulated water from the bottom plates, bottles and air-conditioning trays of flowerpots; Aquatic plants raised at home should change water frequently; All the long-standing water stored by residents must be dumped. For stagnant water that cannot be removed, biological control methods are preferred, such as putting wicker fish in stagnant water and stocking ornamental fish. It is recommended to use safe drugs if the accumulated water can not be removed and fish can not be raised. At the same time, screen doors and screens should be installed at home, and those that have been installed should be carefully inspected and repaired. Special reminder: In the peak season of mosquito density, because the peak time of Aedes albopictus activities is concentrated at 8-10 am and 3 -6 pm, it is suggested that mosquito repellent can be properly sprayed or applied when going out during these two periods, and light-colored long-sleeved underwear should be worn as far as possible to avoid mosquito bites.
In addition, people returning from dengue epidemic areas should seek medical advice in time if they have fever and other symptoms within 14 days and have a history of mosquito bites, and take the initiative to inform medical staff of their recent travel history so as to get timely diagnosis and treatment.
Shanghai Aiwei Office said that April-November is an important time to prevent and kill mosquitoes every year, and early spring mosquito control will be carried out, combined with comprehensive improvement of environmental sanitation, focusing on cleaning indoor and outdoor water containers and garbage and debris, and reducing the reproduction of the first generation of mosquitoes. In addition, Shanghai will also rely on the Shanghai Vector Control Training Base to carry out extensive training in the whole city, control the density of vector organisms, clear the breeding grounds of vector organisms, and prevent the breeding, reproduction and spread of vector organisms.
What are the key points and skills to control mosquitoes in spring? The Shanghai Aiwei Office and the Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention gave special tips.
"three steps" to prevent and kill mosquitoes;
The first is to clear water.Because mosquitoes can’t grow without water, clear water is the key to mosquito control. Citizens, units and property companies should do a good job of clear water, cover or reverse the water containers such as tanks, drain the flowerpot chassis, regularly change water or raise fish for hydroponic plants, and entrust professional institutions to put mosquito killing agents into rainwater and sewage wells and collecting wells once or twice a month.
The second is to kill mosquitoes.Adult mosquitoes inhabit dark and humid environments, such as underground garages, the back of stairs, under pools, bushes, rain and sewage shaft walls, etc. The management department or the property can entrust professional institutions to regularly carry out detention spraying on adult mosquito habitats to control adult mosquitoes, and can carry out space spraying to kill adult mosquitoes when the density of adult mosquitoes peaks. Inhabitants can use aerosol cans and electric mosquito swatter to kill adult mosquitoes.
The third is to prevent bites.Screen doors, screens and mosquito nets can be installed at home to prevent mosquitoes. Mosquito coils can be used indoors to repel mosquitoes. Wear light-colored long-sleeved underwear when going out, and apply mosquito repellent to exposed skin.
"Five-character Classics" for removing stagnant water:How to remove stagnant water correctly? The most effective way to remember is five words.
"Turn over": that is, pour out the accumulated water in small containers such as tanks, cans, pots, altars and bottles, place them with the bottom facing up and keep them dry.
"Fill": fill all kinds of pits, depressions, ditches and other potholes that are easy to accumulate water with mud and yellow sand.
"Cleaning": that is, removing all kinds of small containers (such as leaves and beverage caps) and garbage bags in the environment.
"Dredging" means dredging open ditches, sewers, ditches, rivers, etc.
"Medicine": that is, the accumulated water that cannot be removed (such as rainwater wells and collecting wells) can be controlled by turning to professionals for help.
In addition, the accumulated water with mosquito larvae should not be poured into the sewer, but on the mud or concrete floor; For areas with high density of adult mosquitoes, pest control companies should be organized to carry out professional spraying to kill adult mosquitoes.
关于作者