标签归档 南京桑拿

The main contradiction in the development of new energy vehicles has changed. How can government subsidies help achieve carbon neutrality?

Since the State Council issued the "Development Plan for Energy Saving and New Energy Vehicles (2012~2020)" in 2012, the central and local governments have started to introduce "all-round and multi-level" support measures for the new energy vehicle industry, involving tax reduction and exemption for new energy vehicle enterprises, research and development support, consumption preferences for new energy vehicle consumers, supporting infrastructure construction, purchase subsidies and other aspects.

The investment of a large amount of financial subsidies has enabled China’s new energy automobile industry to achieve explosive growth in a relatively short period of time, but the extensive subsidy policy and the excessive disorderly growth of the industry have also brought many problems. Such as the lack of core technology, some enterprises using policy loopholes to cheat, etc., have become obstacles to the development of new energy automobile industry.

In recent years, the central government has issued an adjustment notice on the optimization policy of the new energy automobile industry, guided the new energy automobile industry in more detail, and gradually started the process of subsidizing the slope to guide the industry to develop healthily. In particular, the subsidy policy released in 2020 has optimized the existing policies. On the one hand, it is announced that the subsidy policy will be postponed until 2022, and the pace and intensity of slope retreat will be eased; On the other hand, the industrial policy has been further adjusted from the aspects of technical indicators, subsidy accuracy, subsidy methods, fund supervision and improvement of supporting measures, so as to avoid the problems that have appeared in the past.

All these measures reflect that supporting the development of new energy automobile industry has become a national basic strategy. This paper will give a comprehensive description of the development status and existing problems of China’s new energy automobile subsidy policy, and put forward corresponding problems and suggestions. At the same time, combined with the important goal recently put forward by the Supreme Leader General Secretary to strive to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060, this paper puts forward some suggestions on how to better guide and promote the new energy automobile industry to achieve carbon neutrality according to the existing industry policies.

China Significance of Subsidy Policy for New Energy Vehicles

1. New energy vehicles have positive externalities, and it is difficult to achieve the optimal scale of new energy vehicle supply simply by relying on market forces, so government financial subsidies are needed.

New energy vehicles have obvious positive externalities. First of all, it can reduce environmental pollution, improve air quality and reduce carbon emissions. At the same time, it can also alleviate the external dependence of oil and ensure national energy security. If only the market supply and demand are allowed to price new energy vehicles, the positive externalities cannot be reflected in the prices of new energy vehicles, and the optimal scale required by society cannot be achieved. In this case, it is necessary for the government to correct the problem of market mechanism pricing failure of new energy vehicles through appropriate administrative measures, such as financial subsidies.

China’s economic growth and the development of the automobile industry have continuously increased oil consumption, and this trend of continuous growth will not change in the short term, whether it is car ownership or crude oil consumption. At present, China is the largest crude oil importer in the world. In 2019, China’s crude oil imports reached 510 million tons, up 9.5% over the same period of last year. The annual domestic crude oil output was only 190 million tons, and its dependence on foreign countries reached 72%. The external dependence of oil threatens the energy security of China. The large-scale popularization of new energy vehicles can alleviate the external dependence of oil by replacing oil with electric energy.

2. The popularization and promotion of new energy vehicles can participate in the peak-shaving and valley-filling of the power grid and reduce the peak-shaving pressure of the power grid.

With the economic development, the peak load of China power grid system continues to increase. In 2018, the commercial and residential electricity consumption in the United States was 75%, while that in China was only 30%. With the widening gap between peak and valley, the pressure of peak shaving increased rapidly. The popularization of new energy vehicles will provide a new solution to reduce the peak-shaving pressure of power grid. Different charging prices can be provided according to the pressure of power grid at different time periods, and charging fees can be used as a means of regulation to drive users to charge when electricity consumption is low, so as to realize peak-shaving and valley-filling and improve the overall efficiency of power grid system. At the same time, the peak-shaving and valley-filling function of new energy vehicles can also strengthen the power grid’s ability to absorb clean energy and electricity, and further promote the process of energy conservation and emission reduction in the whole society.

3. The combination of new energy vehicles and new energy can reduce the emission of greenhouse gases and air pollutants, thus improving the environment and promoting the process of carbon neutrality.

Both pure electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles use electric energy to partially or completely replace fossil fuels to generate power. Therefore, the greenhouse gases and air pollution produced by new energy vehicles are lower than those produced by traditional energy vehicles. According to the experimental data of the State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology of the Center for Ecological Environment Research of Chinese Academy of Sciences, even considering the emissions from the upstream primary energy exploitation and transportation, power production and transmission and distribution, the emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants from new energy vehicles are far lower than those from traditional energy vehicles.

In the future, with the application of clean power and efficient industrial dust removal and desulfurization technologies, new energy vehicles will also bring more obvious emission reduction and environmental protection effects. Recently, high-level officials made it clear that China will strive to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060, and the promotion and popularization of new energy vehicles is of great significance to the realization of this goal.

Current situation of subsidy policy for new energy automobile industry

Since 2016, the central government began to gradually decline the financial subsidy policy for new energy vehicles, and made it clear that the subsidy scale of each manufacturer will be determined by combining the energy saving and emission reduction effects of new energy vehicle manufacturers, the manufacturing costs of each manufacturer, the scale effect of each manufacturer and the level of technological development, and this scale will decrease year by year. For example, the subsidy standards in 2017 and 2018 will be about 20% less than those in 2016, while the subsidy standards in 2019 and 2020 will be determined. At the same time, establish standards for manufacturers to produce complete vehicles, and require stable performance of complete vehicle products; Perfect after-sales service and emergency safeguard measures; The warranty period and battery recycling should meet the standards.

It can be said that the policy basically laid the tone of the central government’s financial subsidy policy for new energy vehicles during the period from 2016 to 2020, and adjusted some details around this main tone. For example, during the five years from 2016 to 2020, the government successively issued five editions of financial subsidy policy notices on the promotion and application of new energy vehicles. Except for the great changes in the policy in 2020, the policy notices in other years mainly improve the existing policies from the details of the policies themselves. Among them, the main policy changes from 2016 to 2019 can be summarized as follows:

(1) raise the technical threshold, optimize the technical indicators, and really tilt the financial subsidies to those high-quality enterprises with core technologies and products. Improve the technical threshold for pure electric passenger cars and encourage enterprises to use and apply high-performance batteries.

(2) Improve the subsidy standards for new energy vehicles, and adjust and optimize the subsidy standards for new energy vehicles according to the cost changes. Encourage the popularization and application of high-tech, safe and reliable products.

(3) Breaking local protection and establishing a unified market. It is stipulated that all localities should not take any form of local protectionist measures, including but not limited to setting up local catalogues or filing, restricting the issuance of subsidy funds, conducting repeated inspections on new energy vehicles, requiring production enterprises to set up factories locally, and requiring enterprises to purchase local parts and components.

(4) Improve the liquidation system and fund supervision, consolidate the responsibility of the supervision layer, give full play to the role of social supervision, increase the punishment for fraudulent enterprises, and resolutely crack down on fraudulent behaviors.

(5) Strengthen market supervision and management, implement producer responsibility, and improve the production, sales and service management level of new energy automobile enterprises. Enterprises are required to further strengthen the management and control of their own production and sales links to ensure the safety, stability and reliability of their products. Improve the after-sales service of new energy vehicles to ensure that consumers’ rights and interests are protected.

The latest financial subsidy policy released in 2020 is a major adjustment in recent years. The biggest difference from previous industrial policy adjustments lies in extending the period of financial subsidies for new energy vehicles, easing the intensity and rhythm of subsidies, and extending the implementation period of financial subsidies for the promotion and application of new energy vehicles to the end of 2022. In addition, the notice also emphasized the modification of subsidies for fuel cell vehicles, demanding further breakthroughs in the fuel cell industry chain and core technologies to form a good situation of rational layout and coordinated development.

Problems in Subsidy Policy for New Energy Vehicles

Through financial subsidies, the production capacity and sales volume of new energy vehicles in China have achieved rapid growth. In 2016, the annual output was only 511,000 vehicles, and in 2019, it reached 1.239 million vehicles, and the output increased by 1.5 times in four years. In 2019, the global output of new energy vehicles reached 2.21 million vehicles, and China occupied more than half of the production capacity.

However, behind the rapid growth of output, it mainly relies on the huge financial investment of the government and industrial policy dividends. With the rapid development of the whole industry, many negative effects and disadvantages have gradually emerged. From the overall process of the development of new energy vehicles in China, the main problems of industrial subsidy policy can be summarized as follows:

1. Improper subsidy design leads to extensive industrial development model and low-end overcapacity. Moreover, due to the lack of supervision, enterprises cheat in the early stage of industry development, resulting in a lot of waste of funds and resources.

By May 2020, the Ministry of Finance had issued a total of 120.64 billion yuan of financial subsidies to support the new energy automobile industry, which greatly stimulated the rapid expansion of the new energy automobile industry, but also led to a "growth bubble". In order to maximize profits, some enterprises, under the banner of developing new energy vehicles, produce a large number of inferior electric vehicles that do not meet the national safety standards with inferior and crude technology.

After the subsidy policy was implemented, the output of new energy vehicles showed a blowout trend. In 2016, the annual output reached about twice the annual sales volume, and a large number of new energy vehicles did not enter the sales and public transportation fields. In 2019, the publicity of the audit of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology showed that enterprises had declared a total subsidy of 237,000 new energy vehicles, and only 207,000 vehicles were approved.

2. In the design of subsidy policy for new energy automobile industry, the market mechanism is insufficient, and the development relies too much on financial subsidies, which leads to the lack of independent innovation motivation of enterprises and affects the sustainable development of the whole industrial chain.

The notice of financial subsidy policy in 2020 announced the extension of subsidy policy and slowed down the pace of slope retreat. It not only shows the government’s determination to support the development of new energy vehicles, but also reflects many problems in the industry, and the development also depends on financial subsidies. If the subsidy is withdrawn, the industry development is likely to enter a bottleneck period, and independent sustainable development cannot be achieved.

In view of the above problems, the government has recently made necessary improvements in the adjustment document. Constantly strengthen supervision, and add more hard audit indicators in the cumulative mileage and battery life of new energy vehicles. Although the addition of these audit indicators has increased the workload of the financial subsidy process for new energy vehicles, it may lead to a relatively slow subsidy for capital settlement in the short term. But in the long run, it can improve the cheating behavior of enterprises and improve the standard of product quality to a great extent, which is a kind of promotion for enterprises to strengthen the research and development of core technologies of new energy vehicles and improve their core competitiveness. Therefore, the government should strengthen the supervision of product quality in the new energy vehicle market, and implement the step subsidy policy, that is, give more financial subsidies to high-quality batteries with longer cruising range, and also improve the efficiency of supervision and the progress of audit and settlement of subsidy funds, so that the subsidy funds can be returned to the first-line enterprises that are actually engaged in R&D as soon as possible.

How does the subsidy policy guide and help the new energy automobile industry

Speaking at the general debate held by the United Nations on September 22nd, the Supreme Leader of president, China emphasized that China’s carbon dioxide emissions will strive to reach the peak by 2030 and be carbon neutral by 2060.

The automobile industry is one of the industries with the highest carbon dioxide emissions. Whether it is metallurgy, chemical engineering, machinery design and manufacturing in the upstream of the whole industrial chain, or transportation, leasing, fossil fuel mining and the life cycle of the automobile itself in the downstream of the industrial chain, a large amount of carbon emissions will be generated.

In addition, as a developing country, China’s automobile industry is also in the stage of rapid development. By 2019, China’s automobile ownership reached 253.9 million, an increase of 21.56 million over the previous year, with a growth rate of 9.3%, and the growth will continue with economic growth. In essence, several new energy automobile manufacturers are traditional automobile manufacturers. The realization of carbon neutrality in automobile industry will be a great guarantee for China to achieve carbon neutrality in 2060. To achieve this goal, it is far from enough to rely on the development of the industry itself and the progress of the market. The government must play the role of a good manager and guide in this process.

In view of the existing subsidy policy of new energy automobile industry in China and the experience of some foreign automobile enterprises that have promised to achieve carbon neutrality, the following suggestions are put forward.

1. The main contradiction in the development of new energy vehicles has changed, and the focus of contradiction in the future development is infrastructure construction. With the large-scale popularization of new energy vehicles and entering thousands of households, the government should be the main promoter of infrastructure construction, either through laws and regulations or through government subsidies.

The financial subsidy policy for the new energy automobile industry should be adjusted with the maturity of the industry itself, and traditional automobile manufacturers should be encouraged to increase investment in the new energy automobile industry and increase the proportion of new energy vehicles. Major traditional automobile brands in Europe are also investing in and researching new energy vehicles. Since the development of new energy vehicles has multiple strategic interests for China, the government should further support the development of new energy vehicle industry.

2. Financial subsidies are limited after all, so the government needs to strengthen the market mechanism design in the subsidy policy while further ensuring financial input, so that new energy vehicles can really be accepted by market consumers.

As the new energy automobile industry in China is still in the development stage, there are still shortcomings in core technologies. Therefore, further financial support is necessary, but we should learn from previous experiences and lessons. On the one hand, we will improve the auditing standards of subsidies for new energy vehicles, such as setting the cumulative mileage index of new vehicles in the next two years, and formulating the policy of step subsidies according to the quality level of batteries, so that subsidies can really flow into enterprises with high-quality new energy vehicles with market competitiveness.

On the other hand, we should fulfill the responsibility of the government as a market supervisor, give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, strengthen the dominant position of enterprises in the selection of technical routes, and give better play to the role of the government in the formulation of standards and regulations, quality and safety supervision, etc. After all, financial subsidies can only play an auxiliary role. To truly realize the promotion and development of new energy vehicles, new energy vehicles need to be truly accepted by market consumers.

3. Incorporate the assessment standard based on carbon neutrality goal into the audit system of industry subsidy policy, accelerate the construction of carbon trading market, and help enterprises establish a multi-channel and low-cost carbon emission reduction system.

Financial subsidies play an important role in the current development of new energy automobile industry. We can give full play to the guiding role of subsidy policies, and incorporate the assessment criteria based on carbon neutrality goals into the audit system of subsidy policies for new energy automobile industry, so as to promote the process of carbon neutrality in the industry.

If the automobile manufacturing industry wants to achieve carbon neutrality, it is difficult to achieve it only by its own energy saving and emission reduction, which is determined by its own industry attributes. The whole industrial chain of automobile manufacturing industry has carbon emissions, and it is relatively difficult to reduce the carbon emissions. Many links in the industrial chain, such as chemical industry, machinery manufacturing and metallurgy, have high emission reduction costs. Therefore, it is necessary to speed up the construction of carbon trading market and optimize the allocation of carbon emission resources through market mechanism, so as to maximize the overall benefits of society and improve carbon emission reduction and economic efficiency.

(The author is Dean of China Institute of Energy Policy, Xiamen University)

The life of six young craftsmen.

  On the occasion of the May 4th Youth Day, the Beijing News, together with Tencent News and Aauto Quicker, launched a planning report "Picture Book of Four Seasons of Hundred Workers" to show the elegance of young craftsmen. The report shows the most unique and wonderful careers. Shooting aurora in the Arctic at-30℃, searching for Cordyceps on the snowy mountain at an altitude of 4,700 meters, and deicing the cableway at an altitude of 1,000 meters & HELIP; … We recorded the most amazing moments and touching stories of these workers with words and videos, including careers you have never heard of, wonders you have never seen, and life styles you have never tasted.

  "finless porpoise bodyguard":

  Father let me see the finless porpoise, and I will let the children see it.

  He Dongshun, patrol officer of China Green Hair Club East Dongting Lake finless porpoise reserve.

  He Dongshun (first from the right) and his colleagues are monitoring ship pollution in the waters of Dongting Bridge.

  He Dong grew up next to Dongting Lake. After graduating from college, he chose to go back to his hometown and became a patrolman in the East Dongting Lake finless porpoise reserve of China Green Hair Association. "It may be influenced by my father, who protects the finless porpoise." Three generations of He Dongshun’s family used to make a living by fishing, until his father’s generation, because an encounter had an indissoluble bond with the finless porpoise, which changed the later life track.

  "One day he went fishing and found that the net was entangled in a small finless porpoise. The female finless porpoise has been arching under the back of the small finless porpoise and arching it to the water, because the finless porpoise is a mammal and needs to surface to breathe. At that time, my father felt that maternal love was very great. " That is, from that moment on, He Dongshun’s father and finless porpoise had some inseparable connection. Since then, he began to protect the finless porpoise, and gradually gathered the fishermen around him to protect it. These fish hunters have since become guardians.

  "finless porpoise bodyguards" have to work on water for 360 days a year, and spring and winter are their busiest seasons. March-May in spring is the season for finless porpoises to breed and migrate, and October to January of the following year is the season for Dongting Lake to retreat. During this period, finless porpoises need to be protected most, and "bodyguards" should be on duty in Dongting Lake 24 hours a day. They are sunburned when they patrol the lake in summer, and the cold wind in winter seems to be carved into the bones, "but there is no way out."

  The saddest thing for me is to see the finless porpoise still smiling when he died. If we young people don’t protect the finless porpoise, no one will protect it anymore. My meaning is not to let the finless porpoise go extinct. My father let me see the finless porpoise, and I will let my children see it.

  "Chinese caterpillar fungus is beauty":

  Set up a cooperative to help local sell Cordyceps matsutake.

  Gerongzhuomu Villagers in Gongsha Village, Daocheng County, Ganzi Prefecture, Sichuan Province

  It is not easy to find Cordyceps sinensis. Every time I find a Cordyceps sinensis, Zhuomu is extremely excited.

  Gerong Zhuomu, a Tibetan girl born in 1997, is already the mother of two children. Every May, she and her family bring livestock and enough dry food to live in a small house on Cordyceps Mountain, which can save three hours on the road every day. Cordyceps can only be picked for more than one month each year, which is an important source of income for them.

  Only the highest mountain will grow Cordyceps, and the place where Gerongzhuomu collects Cordyceps is about 4700 meters above sea level. Cordyceps grows invisibly and needs rich experience and some luck to find it. Zhuomu said with a smile that since she got married for four years, her husband from Yunnan has been going up the mountain together every year, and so far no cordyceps has been found. Even Zhuomu himself can only find five or six at most a day. So every time I find a Cordyceps, Zhuomu is extremely excited.

  After the Cordyceps season, it is followed by the Tricholoma matsutake season, and Zhuomu will go to the Tricholoma matsutake mountain to look for Tricholoma matsutake in the forest. In Zhuomu’s hometown, many old Tibetans don’t know Chinese, so they can’t go out to work. They can only make a living by digging Cordyceps and Tricholoma matsutake.

  In 2017, Zhuomu asked her father to shoot a video of picking Cordyceps for her and send it online. Zhuomu became popular and became a "beauty of Cordyceps" with millions of fans. She set up a cooperative in her hometown to help local residents sell Cordyceps matsutake. This girl with only primary school culture said that she hopes to promote her beautiful hometown through her own efforts and let her folks live a better life.

  Picking cordyceps sinensis is the best thing for me. I have also gone out to work, and life outside is very stressful. I am the happiest in my hometown, and I can’t compare with it anywhere. Now this is the life I want, and I think this life is called living.

  Coral growers:

  Coral stump is planted back on the reef, and we need to make a sound for coral.

  Xia Jiaxiang, Secretary General of Shenzhen Coral Conservation Organization "Hidden Love"

  Divers pick up and plant corals at the bottom of the sea.

  Coral is becoming less and less due to trawling and garbage coverage. There is such a group of people who silently guard and rescue corals. Xia Jiaxiang, secretary general of Shenzhen Coral Conservation Organization "Hidden Love", said that corals grow fastest in summer. They dive into the bottom of the sea, pick up the coral residues broken by anchors, fishing nets and fishermen with fishing guns, fix them on a suspended net, isolate them from the sediment, observe them for six months to a year or so, and choose the coral residues that have recovered well to return to the reef.

  Xia Jiaxiang began to participate in the volunteer activities of "Hidden Love" in 2012. According to its introduction, submarine operations are sometimes dangerous, but they all think it is worthwhile. When working underwater, ships are flying over their heads, and abandoned fishing nets are floating. Once people are trapped by fishing nets and the oxygen in the gas cylinders is just not enough, it will directly threaten their lives. Xia Jiaxiang said that sometimes the temperature is very low, and it will be shivering underwater, so you have to endure to get things done, "because someone has to do things."

  "Divers are born with a feeling for corals that others can’t understand. You will think it is worthwhile to do this." Xia Jiaxiang expressed the hope that the whole society will realize the importance of coral to the whole ecology and the urgency of protecting coral, and that more people can participate.

  Coral is a poor creature, which has been silently bearing the survival pressure brought by human beings at the bottom of the sea. Coral can’t make a sound, so we have to make a sound for it. The love for coral is born to divers, and every coral stump saved is their child.

  Deicer:

  De-icing of a 1,000-meter cableway meets strong wind in treading on thin ice.

  Zhang Changheng Repairman of Tianmenshan Cableway in Zhangjiajie

  Cableway repairmen deice ropeways at an altitude of 1,000 meters.

  Every December, the steel wire cable and communication cable of Tianmenshan cableway in Zhangjiajie will be covered with snow and frozen, and the cableway repairman Zhang Changheng needs to deice the cableway at an altitude of 1,000 meters. If the ice on the wire rope is too heavy, it will break the communication cable, which will affect the communication between the upper and lower stations, and the safety line of the ropeway support will not be guaranteed.

  Cableway repairmen carry out deicing operations in groups of three, with the temperature of MINUS ten degrees in the sky, and the strong wind blows on the face like a knife. Zhang Changheng said that the pole for deicing is about six meters long and weighs 256 pounds. Every time one person holds the bottom of the pole as a fulcrum, and the other person throws the pole directly on it and slams it back and forth. "It’s hard when you smash it. On such a cold day, you will basically sweat after smashing the ice."

  From time to time, the de-icing operation will encounter strong winds, and the swing range of the cable car will increase. If it shakes too much, the cable car bracket will be damaged. They sway from side to side with the cable car in the air, and all actions should be careful, which can be described as treading on thin ice.

  Tianmenshan cableway has 57 supports. When deicing, the repairman should pay attention to the operation of each bracket, "look at whether the rim is broken or worn, and whether the wire rope is running off." A deicing operation takes about one and a half hours, at least four times a day. Zhang Changheng said: "Everything is to ensure the normal operation of the ropeway. It is very fulfilling for tourists to sit on the safe ropeway and enjoy the snow scene."

  Although deicing at high altitude is cold, tiring and dangerous, I feel very satisfied to see tourists safely sitting on the ropeway. It is worthwhile to ensure the normal operation of the ropeway.

  "Forest Guard":

  Lighting fires in summer to protect forests and collecting ice in winter to help tourism.

  Deputy Chief of the Forest Fire Brigade directly under the Fire Prevention Office of Mohe City, Heilongjiang Province, Bo Han

  In winter, forest firefighters will be ice pickers for about 20 days.

  There is a forest fire brigade of about 300 people in Mohe, Heilongjiang. They usually have to ensure the fire safety of Daxinganling forest. By the end of November every year, after the forest is covered with snow, they will be ice pickers for about 20 days. Bo Han, deputy battalion chief, said that they have lived a life of "two worlds of ice and fire" for more than ten years.

  Shovel the snow on the river to expose the ice as bright as a mirror. If the ice quality is good, they will start to pick ice. They invented their own ice harvesting equipment, cut the whole piece of ice into ice cubes weighing about 200 Jin, fished it out of the river, frozen it for two hours to dry the water, and loaded it into a car to carry it away. Be very careful when picking ice. If you accidentally trample the ice, you will fall into the glacier. During the ice harvest season, they are busy from 7 am to sunset every day, and they can produce more than 2,000 pieces of ice a day. These ice cubes will be made into ice sculptures for local tourism.

  When the first thunder sounded in June, they were always nervous about the safety of the forest. The climate here is dry, and if it doesn’t rain, lightning fire will easily appear in the forest. It is difficult to find the location of lightning and fire, and it is five or six kilometers as soon as you walk in. It is very difficult for them to walk in the lush forest with fire fighting equipment on their backs. Bo Han proudly said that although there are many mountain fires every year, there have been no casualties in their team in recent years. "We have to learn how to protect ourselves every year."

  I have been engaged in this profession for more than 20 years. To be honest, this job is very bitter and tiring, but I feel very honored in my heart, because our team of 300 people has protected 770,000 hectares of green forests. After each fire is finished, I will feel gratified in retrospect.

  "light hunter":

  Shooting aurora at MINUS 30℃ wants to bring people a little light.

  Anjiu astrophotographer

  Aurora works shot by Anjiu.

  Shooting aurora at the North Pole at MINUS 30℃, my limbs are freezing; Look at the roaring wild dog for a long time, thinking that you are going to face death; Driving in the dark and encountering a snowstorm, I lost my way … … These are the thrilling moments that an Jiu, an astronomical photographer, has encountered.

  An Jiu, like a hunter, captured the fleeting sky and photographed countless amazing light and shadow. She used to be an ordinary employee of a consulting company, living a nine-to-five life every day. Three years ago, by chance, she took part in a friend’s starry photography activity. "The first time I saw the Milky Way with my own eyes, I was so shocked that I couldn’t breathe." Since then, whenever she has time, she has followed the teachers in the circle to study and shoot, chasing astronomical phenomena. As her works were gradually recognized, some magazine advertisements began to seek her cooperation. With these incomes, Anjiu began to concentrate on astrophotography.

  Winter is the best season to shoot the aurora, and she often goes to Iceland and other places to chase the splendid aurora wonders. She said that the most impressive thing was that I met a roaring wild dog while shooting at the Arctic at MINUS 30℃ and looked at her for a long time. "At that time, I felt that I was dying, but I still kept my camera. That is, from that moment on, I am sure that this is what I love and am willing to pay for. "

  When I shared my works online, more and more people sent me messages, some of them were cured by the starry sky like me, some of them went through the confusion period, and some of them regained their astronomical dreams. I think this is life affecting life. I want to convey some humanistic warmth through my works, which can bring even a little light to people.

  Written by/Beijing News reporter Tian Yuwen Li Shuyi Zhang Shuangying Cao Yuru Li Huishi Wang Xingtong Zhang Wei Intern Qian Jiaxin Photo/Respondent Photo courtesy

  Editor in Charge: Ji Xiang

Looking at the New Trends of China’s Economic Work in 2024 from Politburo meeting of the Chinese Communist Party

  Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, December 8th Question: Looking at the new trend of China’s economic work in 2024 from Politburo meeting of the Chinese Communist Party.

  Xinhua News Agency "Xinhua Viewpoint" reporter

  On December 8th, the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee held a meeting to analyze and study the economic work in 2024, clearly put forward "the general tone of striving for progress while maintaining stability", and emphasized "consolidating and strengthening the economic recovery to a good trend, and continuously promoting the effective improvement of the quality and reasonable growth of the economy". A series of important arrangements conveyed the new trend of economic work in 2024.

  This year’s economic recovery is improving, and next year will usher in a crucial year for the implementation of the 14 th Five-Year Plan.

  This year is the first year of fully implementing the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and the year of economic recovery and development after three years of epidemic prevention and control in COVID-19.

  At present, the situation facing China’s development is complicated, the unfavorable factors in the international political and economic environment are increasing, and domestic cyclical and structural contradictions are superimposed.

  "Resist external pressure and overcome internal difficulties", "China’s economic recovery is improving" and "take solid steps to build a socialist modern country in an all-round way" … … Politburo meeting of the Chinese Communist Party summed up this year’s economic performance.

  Under the complicated and severe situation, this year’s economic operation and achievements in economic work are hard-won, which fully proves the correctness and foresight of the CPC Central Committee’s judgment on the situation and related decisions. Looking forward to the new year, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader also made a judgment at the symposium of non-party people held on December 6: "China’s economic recovery is still at a critical stage."

  The year 2024 marks the 75th anniversary of the founding of People’s Republic of China (PRC), and is a crucial year for the implementation of the 14th Five-Year Plan. It is very important to do a good job in economic work.

  "Intensify macro-control", "Effectively enhance economic vitality, prevent and resolve risks, and improve social expectations", "Consolidate and strengthen the economic recovery to a good trend" and "continuously promote the effective improvement of the quality and reasonable growth of the economy" … … Politburo meeting of the Chinese Communist Party has made a series of arrangements for next year’s economic work.

  The head of the National Economic Comprehensive Department of the National Development and Reform Commission said that the "three overall plans" put forward by the meeting are important principles to be grasped in economic work next year. Make overall plans to expand domestic demand and deepen supply-side structural reform, organically combine the two, enhance the endogenous power and reliability of domestic large-scale circulation, and improve the quality and level of international circulation. Coordinate new urbanization and overall rural revitalization, unremittingly do a good job in the work of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, put the urbanization of agricultural transfer population in a more prominent position, and promote the integrated development of urban and rural areas. Coordinate high-quality development and high-level security, firmly hold high-quality development, continuously and effectively prevent and resolve risks in key areas, strengthen national security capacity building, and ensure a new development pattern with a new security pattern.

  We must persist in striving for progress in stability, promoting stability through progress, and breaking first.

  Politburo meeting of the Chinese Communist Party pointed out that next year, we should persist in striving for progress from stability, promoting stability through progress, establishing first and then breaking, strengthen countercyclical and cross-cyclical adjustment of macro policies, and continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy.

  "The key to insisting on striving for progress in stability, promoting stability through progress, and breaking first is to grasp the dialectical relationship contained in it." The head of the National Economic Comprehensive Department of the National Development and Reform Commission said that all work needs to respect the law. Promote "progress" on the basis of "stability" and achieve "stability" through "progress" in economic structure, development quality and major reforms. It is also necessary to grasp the order of "establishing" and "breaking", otherwise it will affect the overall situation of economic development, which is also an important methodology of economic work.

  Dong Yu, executive vice president of Tsinghua University China Development Planning and Research Institute, believes that there are both short-term and long-term problems in the current economic operation. Judging from the deployment of the conference, next year’s macro policies will be more precise, more additions will be made, more proactive support policies will be adopted, and problems will be solved by development methods to further boost confidence.

  In addition, the meeting stressed that a proactive fiscal policy should be moderately strengthened, quality improved and efficiency improved, and a prudent monetary policy should be flexible, moderate, accurate and effective.

  Since the beginning of this year, China has continued to implement a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy, intensified macro-policy control, strengthened coordination and cooperation of various policies, strived to promote the overall economic recovery and solidly promoted high-quality development.

  "The meeting is clear ‘ Moderate afterburner ’ At the same time, emphasize ‘ Improve quality and increase efficiency ’ It will help strengthen the pertinence of fiscal policy. " Yang Zhiyong, director of the Finance and Taxation Research Center of China Academy of Social Sciences, said that in the context of China’s continuous implementation of a proactive fiscal policy in recent years, next year’s fiscal policy will continue to exert its strength, remain positive, improve quality and efficiency, and play a more precise and targeted role.

  Ceng Gang, director of the Shanghai Finance and Development Laboratory, believes that counter-cyclical and inter-cyclical adjustments should be made through a prudent monetary policy, the total amount of money and credit and the scale of social financing should be reasonably increased, and structural monetary policy tools should be used well to achieve "flexibility, moderation, accuracy and effectiveness" and effectively support the steady growth of the real economy.

  Politburo meeting of the Chinese Communist Party proposed to strengthen the consistency of macro-policy orientation and strengthen economic propaganda and public opinion guidance.

  "Strengthening the consistency of macro-policy orientation can not only improve the policy effect, but also help stabilize market expectations." Ceng Gang said, on the one hand, it is necessary to realize the continuity of the old and new policies; on the other hand, it is necessary to do a good job in the coordination of fiscal, monetary, industrial and regulatory policies, so as to form a joint force to jointly promote high-quality development.

  Accelerate the construction of a new development pattern and continuously inject strong impetus into high-quality development.

  The key to building a new development pattern is to realize the unimpeded economic cycle, which mainly depends on whether the supply and demand ends are strong, overall matched, dynamically balanced and benign. In this regard, Politburo meeting of the Chinese Communist Party proposed "expanding domestic demand as a whole and deepening supply-side structural reform" and made a series of important arrangements.

  Focusing on the supply side, the meeting proposed that scientific and technological innovation should lead the construction of a modern industrial system and enhance the resilience and safety level of the industrial chain supply chain.

  "At present, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is developing in depth, with an unprecedented range of radiation and influence. We must persist in taking scientific and technological innovation as the main force, lead industrial transformation with scientific and technological innovation, upgrade industrial energy level, make up shortcomings and forge long boards, vigorously cultivate new pillar industries, constantly open up new fields and new tracks for development, and shape new kinetic energy and new advantages for development. " Dong Wei said.

  Focusing on the demand side, the meeting proposed that efforts should be made to expand domestic demand and form a virtuous circle in which consumption and investment promote each other.

  The head of the National Economic Comprehensive Department of the National Development and Reform Commission said that on the one hand, to meet consumer demand, especially the people’s growing needs for a better life, it is necessary to continuously improve the effective supply capacity and quality, and to improve supply requires effective investment; On the other hand, in the process of transforming investment into physical workload, it will also effectively drive income increase and consumption expansion through chain transmission such as the purchase of goods or services, thus forming a virtuous circle.

  To achieve a virtuous circle of the national economy, it is inseparable from further deepening reform and opening up. The meeting proposed to deepen the reform of key areas and continuously inject strong impetus into high-quality development. It is necessary to expand high-level opening to the outside world and consolidate the basic disk of foreign trade and foreign investment.

  Grasping the bottom line of people’s livelihood and ensuring the timely and full payment of migrant workers’ wages

  People’s happiness and well-being is the ultimate goal of promoting high-quality development. The more complicated and severe the economic situation is, the more we should focus on people’s livelihood concerns and grasp the bottom line of people’s livelihood.

  Politburo meeting of the Chinese Communist Party pointed out that we should do our best and do what we can to ensure and improve people’s livelihood.

  "At present, China is at a critical stage of economic recovery. Effectively safeguarding and improving people’s livelihood is the general direction, and it is a necessary principle to persist in doing our best and doing what we can. We must continue to pay attention to key industries and key populations, and all parties should work together to create a better life. " Feng Wenmeng, a researcher at the State Council Development Research Center, said.

  The meeting also stressed that it is necessary to ensure the supply and price stability of important livelihood commodities during the "two festivals", ensure that the wages of migrant workers are paid in full and on time, care for the production and life of people in difficulty, thoroughly implement the responsibility system for production safety, and protect the lives and property safety and health of the people.

  Feng Wenmeng said that a series of arrangements for this meeting are related to the people’s livelihood and well-being. In particular, ensuring the supply of "rice bags" and "vegetable baskets" during the "two festivals" is related to whether the people can live a good year. It is necessary to put the work of ensuring supply and stabilizing prices in place and firmly grasp the bottom line of various people’s livelihood security.

  At the end of the year and the beginning of the year, the problem of wage arrears is prone to high incidence. Su Hainan, a special researcher in china association for labour studies, said that this time, Politburo meeting of the Chinese Communist Party put forward clear requirements on ensuring the wages of migrant workers, which reflected a high degree of concern for people’s livelihood. In the next step, the key is to implement the meeting arrangements, solidly carry out the special campaign to eradicate wage arrears in winter, promote the verified cases of wage arrears for migrant workers to be settled as soon as possible, and severely punish illegal and illegal acts such as malicious wage arrears to effectively safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of migrant workers.

  One point for deployment and nine points for implementation. The meeting stressed that it is necessary to uphold and strengthen the overall leadership of the party and implement the major decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee on economic work with high quality.

  Experts said that China is currently in a critical period of economic recovery and industrial transformation and upgrading. Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, China is fully qualified and capable of overcoming difficulties and challenges and promoting sustained and healthy economic development by putting all decision-making arrangements in place with high quality and giving full play to its own advantages. (Reporter Chen Weiwei, Pan Dexin, Zhao Wenjun, Pan Jie)

Notice of China National Intellectual Property Administration Municipality on Printing and Distributing the Fourteenth Five-Year Plan for Intellectual Property Talents

Guo zhi fa ren zi [2021] No.38

Intellectual Property Offices of all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government, cities under separate state planning, sub-provincial cities, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Sichuan Intellectual Property Service Promotion Center and relevant local centers; All departments of China National Intellectual Property Administration Bureau, all departments of the Patent Office, the Trademark Office, other directly affiliated units of the Bureau and various social organizations:

  The 14th Five-Year Plan for Intellectual Property Talents is hereby issued to you, please implement it carefully.

China National Intellectual Property Administration    

December 31, 2021  

The 14th Five-Year Plan for Intellectual Property Talents

  In order to strengthen the construction of intellectual property talent team, stimulate the innovation vitality of the whole society, and provide talent support for building a world-class intellectual property power with China characteristics, this plan is formulated according to the Outline for the Construction of a Powerful Intellectual Property Power (2021-2035) and the National Plan for the Protection and Utilization of Intellectual Property Rights in the Tenth Five-Year Plan.

  I. Planning background

  Talent is an important indicator to measure a country’s comprehensive national strength and a strategic resource to realize national rejuvenation and win the initiative of international competition. Intellectual property talents are the first resource for the development of intellectual property, the prerequisite for the high-quality development of intellectual property, and the strategic support for the construction of a strong intellectual property country. With the continuous development of China’s intellectual property cause, China has embarked on a road of intellectual property development with China characteristics, and made historic achievements in intellectual property protection. The work of intellectual property talents has successfully completed the work objectives during the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan period, the institutional mechanism and policy environment for the development of intellectual property talents have been further optimized, and the national intellectual property talent team has grown rapidly, reaching 690,000, and the talent structure has become more reasonable. The "five batches" of talents in urgent need of intellectual property rights have been basically formed, the ability and quality of talents have been comprehensively improved, the implementation effect of talent engineering projects has been obvious, the talent evaluation mechanism has been continuously improved, and the intellectual property specialty has been added to the national economic title series, and remarkable progress has been made in the work of intellectual property talents. However, there are still some shortcomings and problems in the work of intellectual property talents, the work system of intellectual property talents needs to be further improved, the mechanism of intellectual property talents training, evaluation and incentive, and mobile allocation needs to be further improved, the structure of intellectual property talents is not optimized enough, the number of high-level intellectual property talents is insufficient, and the contradiction between supply and demand of intellectual property talents still exists to some extent.

  The Tenth Five-Year Plan period is the first five years for China to start a new journey of building a socialist modernized country in an all-round way. In order to ensure a good start in building a strong intellectual property country, we have formulated and implemented the intellectual property talent plan during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, trained a large number of high-quality intellectual property talents with both ability and political integrity with more active talent policies, clearer tasks and more powerful safeguard measures, and made the innovation vitality of all kinds of intellectual property talents compete with generate. Provide talent support for the completion of the "14th Five-Year Plan" for the protection and application of intellectual property rights in 2025, lay a talent foundation for the completion of the "Outline for the Construction of a Powerful Intellectual Property Country (2021-2035)" in 2035, and support the strategy of strengthening the country with talents in the new era.

  Second, the overall requirements

  (1) Guiding ideology.

  Guided by Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era, we will thoroughly implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Plenary Sessions of the 19th National Congress, closely focus on promoting the overall layout of the "five in one" and the coordinated promotion of the "four comprehensive" strategic layout, adhere to the general tone of striving for progress while maintaining stability, base ourselves on the new development stage, implement the new development concept, build a new development pattern, and adhere to the theme of promoting high-quality development. In accordance with the spirit of the important instructions of the Central Talent Work Conference and the Supreme Leader General Secretary on attaching importance to the construction of intellectual property talents, we will continue to ensure the supply of intellectual property talents and innovate the development policy of intellectual property talents. Adhere to the Party’s overall leadership over talent work, create an environment of knowing, loving, respecting and using talents, gather talents from all over the world, cultivate and use talents in an all-round way, comprehensively improve the training, evaluation and growth system of intellectual property talents, and open up the whole chain of intellectual property talents work.

  (2) Basic principles.

  -Adhere to talents leading development. Give top priority to the development of human resources, regard intellectual property talents as the most basic, core and key factor in building a strong intellectual property country, raise the important position of intellectual property talents to a strategic height, vigorously build intellectual property talents, and strive to consolidate the talent base for intellectual property development, so as to push the construction of a strong intellectual property country to a new level.

  -adhere to demand orientation. Focusing on the goal of building a strong country with intellectual property rights, we should be demand-oriented, improve the supply capacity of talents, do a good job in independent training of talents, maintain a scientific balance between supply and demand of intellectual property talents, and focus on solving key problems in the process of training and using intellectual property talents.

  -Adhere to both quality and efficiency. Focusing on improving the ability, quality and use efficiency of talents, we should adhere to the combination of excellent increment and strong stock, improve the working system of intellectual property talents, implement policies, measures and engineering projects to improve the use efficiency of talents, and strengthen the deep connection and integration of talent training and talent evaluation.

  -Adhere to systematic advancement. Make overall plans for the classified training, scientific evaluation, efficient use, rational flow and stimulating growth of intellectual property talents, combine overall planning with key promotion, integrate superior resources, and improve the systematic, holistic and collaborative level of intellectual property talents training in the new era.

  (3) Main objectives.

  During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the overall goal of intellectual property talents’ work is to comprehensively integrate the working resources of intellectual property talents, improve the coordinated development mechanism of talents in all fields of intellectual property rights, promote the construction of intellectual property talents in the whole chain, and build and improve the intellectual property talents system that meets the needs of building a strong intellectual property country in the new era, so that talent training can meet all kinds of needs in all fields, links and levels of intellectual property rights. Strengthen the high-quality training of intellectual property talents, increase the supply of talents, improve the evaluation and incentive mechanism of talents, improve the efficiency of talent use, strive to create a high-end platform conducive to the growth and development of talents, and comprehensively improve the quality and level of talents. By 2025, the number of intellectual property talents will exceed 1 million, the number of high-level talents will further grow, the talent structure will be further optimized, and the effectiveness of talents will continue to increase.

  Focusing on meeting the needs of all kinds of intellectual property talents, we will do a good job in building four key talent teams and one basic talent team. Build a professional and high-level intellectual property protection talent team with high political quality and strong business ability; Create a team of talents who can promote the capitalization and industrialization of intellectual property rights and use intellectual property rights efficiently; Cultivate a compound high-quality intellectual property public service talent team with disciplines such as science, engineering, management and law; Cultivate and select an international intellectual property talent team with international vision, rich international exchange experience and ability to handle international affairs. At the same time, strengthen the construction of basic talents at all levels such as intellectual property review and publicity.

Main indicators of intellectual property talents development during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period

Main indicators of intellectual property talents development during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period

  III. Main tasks

  (1) Strengthen the capacity building of intellectual property protection talents and push intellectual property protection to a new level. Accelerate the upgrading of the personnel capacity of the intellectual property administrative protection team, and increase the training and training of national and local intellectual property administrative protection personnel. Building a team of teachers for administrative protection of intellectual property rights. Strictly implement the system of appointment and qualification management for intellectual property administrative adjudication personnel, and carry out rotation training for certified personnel in the national intellectual property system to improve their ability and level of handling administrative adjudication cases. We will build a talent team of technical investigators for administrative protection of intellectual property rights, promote the establishment of a directory of intellectual property appraisers, and strengthen the cultivation of professional and technical capabilities.

  Enrich the talent strength of intellectual property protection center, rapid rights protection center and rights protection assistance center. Improve the level of professional ability, optimize the talent selection mechanism and management incentive mechanism, increase the training of rapid pre-examination, rapid confirmation and rapid rights protection of intellectual property rights, promote the improvement of the ability and quality of rapid collaborative protection talents, and build a high-quality and compound talent team for intellectual property protection. Encourage and support public lawyers, patent agents, professional and technical personnel to participate in intellectual property mediation. Strengthen the professional training of intellectual property rights of mediators and other related talents.

  (two) to improve the ability level of intellectual property rights, and promote the use of intellectual property rights to achieve new results. Optimize the training system of intellectual property operation talents, design progressive courses and carry out intellectual property operation training according to the concept of intellectual property operation based on the whole process of innovation. Guide the intellectual property operation service system to build key cities and strengthen the training of high-end operation talents. Improve the financial services capabilities of relevant institutions and personnel such as intellectual property pledge, insurance and securitization, and improve the level of intellectual property evaluation. Strengthen the construction of intellectual property talents in enterprises, guide local governments to carry out classified training for senior managers, intellectual property managers and intellectual property practitioners. Promote intellectual property talents in universities and scientific research institutions to improve their operational management capabilities, and substantially increase the number of intellectual property talents in universities and scientific research institutions. Strengthen the training of patent navigation talents, and gradually improve the work level of patent navigation talents. All regions should strengthen the construction of talent team in patent navigation service base, build a characteristic, standardized and effective patent navigation service system, and effectively play an important role in the innovation and development of patent navigation industry. Organize special training on the application of geographical indications and the cultivation of trademark brands, improve the comprehensive application ability of geographical indications and trademark brands, and help rural revitalization and brand economic development.

  Improve the talent training system of intellectual property service industry to help innovation and development. Strengthen the construction of talent team in intellectual property service industry and cultivate top-notch talents in the industry. Enrich the training methods of talents in intellectual property service industry. Establish a talent exchange and cooperation mechanism to guide intellectual property service talents in developed areas to help underdeveloped areas. Strengthen the professional training of patent agents and professional training of trademark agents.

  (3) Strengthen the training of intellectual property public service personnel and promote intellectual property services to a new level. With the concept of "full chain service, full chain service", we will cultivate a group of multi-level and high-quality intellectual property public service talents who can effectively serve the public and meet the needs of innovative subjects. Combined with the characteristics of public service institutions and regional needs, we will further enrich the public service talents of intellectual property public service backbone nodes and service outlets, and achieve full coverage of all kinds of intellectual property public service talents at the provincial level, with the coverage rate of prefecture-level cities reaching more than 50%. Strengthen hierarchical and classified training, strengthen the exchange and cooperation and sharing of intellectual property public service talents, and promote the rational flow and efficient gathering of talents.

  Improve the overall management ability of intellectual property public services and continuously improve the efficiency of intellectual property public services. Strengthen the training of intellectual property information service talents, improve the talents’ abilities in intellectual property information management, information collection and processing, information retrieval and information analysis, information dissemination and utilization, and continuously expand the intellectual property information service talents of universities, scientific research institutions, library and information institutions, industry organizations and other network units, with the number of intellectual property information service talents reaching about 4,000. Strengthen the capacity building of window personnel in intellectual property business, vigorously cultivate "multi-functional" talents, and constantly improve the ability of window service personnel to "run all services through one window". We will continue to promote the construction of intellectual property network talents, improve the classified management, training, use, assessment and development guarantee mechanism of network talents, and promote the combination of independent training and talent introduction.

  (4) Accelerate the upgrading of intellectual property internationalization talents’ ability and promote new progress in international cooperation in intellectual property. Implement the special training plan for international talents, and build an international talent training system with clear positioning, clear objectives, distinct levels, mutual connection and efficient operation. Strengthen the selection and training of international talents, such as expatriate international talents, foreign-related teachers of intellectual property rights, and international examiners, and improve the construction of talent pool. Promote the diversified development of international personnel training methods, make full use of training resources at home and abroad, and send personnel to participate in overseas (border) training programs. Actively explore international intellectual property training programs. Combined with the actual needs of Chinese enterprises’ outward development, we will carry out special training for international talents in the field of intellectual property operation and intellectual property agency, and strengthen the construction of talent teams such as international negotiation and overseas rights protection. Accelerate the knowledge update of international talents and encourage participation in the study of international rules of intellectual property rights. All regions should strengthen the training of international talents, cultivate a team of overseas professionals who are familiar with the rules of the international intellectual property system and have rich practical experience, and enhance the ability to deal with overseas intellectual property disputes.

  Strengthen the international exchange of intellectual property talents. We will continue to provide an exercise platform for international talents training through the cooperation between the World Intellectual Property Organization, China, the United States, Europe, Japan and South Korea, the BRICS and the international cooperation projects of various bilateral platforms, help talents accumulate experience in international cooperation, improve their international cooperation capabilities, and cultivate, introduce and make good use of international talents in all directions.

  (5) Strengthen the capacity building of basic intellectual property talents and constantly lay a solid foundation for intellectual property work.

  Recruit, train, use, develop, manage and stabilize the registered talent team for intellectual property review. Formulate and implement a plan to improve the ability of patent examination talents, clarify the objectives and key points, and implement graded training. Strengthen the post training of patent examination talents. Establish an evaluation and feedback mechanism for the training effect of patent examination talents. Improve the recruitment and employment mechanism of trademark examiners. According to business needs, dynamically adjust staffing. Establish a training target system for trademark examiners. Explore the establishment of a hierarchical management system for trademark examiners. Construct an "expert" talent team composed of 100 people for trademark examination and hearing.

  Strengthen the publicity of intellectual property rights and the construction of cultural talents. Cultivate a group of politically competent, high-quality, all-media, compound and expert intellectual property propaganda talents, strengthen the construction of propaganda ability, and focus on cultivating communication concepts, information content, technology application and communication ability. Train 1000 people in batches to publicize the national intellectual property system. Strengthen the publicity and education of intellectual property protection, and tell the story of intellectual property rights in China. Focus on training and selecting a group of primary and secondary school intellectual property teachers with rich teaching experience and solid professional skills. Strengthen the construction of intellectual property legal talents, and cultivate legal talents with profound intellectual property legal knowledge, good political literacy and professional ethics, and be able to skillfully apply legal theoretical knowledge to intellectual property practice. Strengthen the training of public lawyers, and all regions should focus on training public lawyers with rich practical experience in intellectual property rights to improve the level of intellectual property legal services.

  Fourth, key projects

  (a) intellectual property personnel training base construction project. Set up a number of national intellectual property talent training bases to cultivate high-level compound talents. Explore the training mode of intellectual property talents in Industry-University-Research, which is jointly participated by universities, enterprises and intellectual property service institutions, establish a demand-oriented joint training mechanism for intellectual property talents, and form a platform for intellectual property talents training and exchange. Implement the dynamic adjustment of the national intellectual property training base, further optimize the layout of the base and improve the quality of the base. Create a number of demonstration intellectual property personnel training programs, promote the "progressive" series of training, and improve the project quality evaluation mechanism and achievement promotion mechanism. All regions should strengthen the management of local intellectual property training bases, and form a clear-cut base system with national bases.

  (two) the construction project of intellectual property network training course. Actively explore new forms and methods of intellectual property training, adapt to the development trend of digitalization, networking and intelligence, focus on promoting the construction of online course system of China intellectual property distance education platform, launch a number of online excellent courses, build an open and shared intellectual property online course database, and improve the scientificity, standardization and effectiveness of online training. Guide local governments to carry out online training for administrative personnel and realize full-time rotation training. All regions should develop a number of courses with intellectual property characteristics in light of local work practice.

  (three) intellectual property talents highland construction project. Combine the national and regional major strategies, highlight the characteristics, and guide the development of regional intellectual property talents by classification. Promote the construction of high-level intellectual property talents highland in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, carry out regional and industrial demand forecasting of intellectual property talents, explore and draw a map of talent supply status and future demand, and form an annual statistical report on intellectual property talents. Encourage and support the construction of a platform to attract and gather talents in central cities where high-level intellectual property talents are concentrated. Carry out the work related to the service area and industrial development of intellectual property experts. Promote the docking of intellectual property talents with preferential policies for regional talents.

  (four) the construction project of intellectual property think tank expert database. Give full play to the role of the National Intellectual Property Expert Advisory Committee, and provide strategic advice for the overall, key and forward-looking issues of intellectual property development. China National Intellectual Property Administration research institutions should strengthen exchanges with universities, scientific research institutions and local intellectual property management departments, and carry out theoretical and practical research. Encourage and guide universities and social institutions to build intellectual property think tanks. All regions should strengthen the construction of intellectual property characteristic think tanks and build a multi-level and high-level intellectual property think tank system. Refine the classification of intellectual property expert database and improve the categories of experts in geographical indications, trade secrets, traditional knowledge, traditional culture and other fields. Effectively streamline the talent hat, optimize and integrate all kinds of intellectual property talent plans, strengthen the training and use of intellectual property leading talents and high-level talents, and build a team of "high, precise and sharp" intellectual property talents.

  (five) the evaluation project of intellectual property titles. Actively promote the reform of the title system of intellectual property rights, support local governments to formulate evaluation standards and conditions for intellectual property professional and technical personnel, and scientifically determine the evaluation content to meet the evaluation needs of professional and technical personnel at different levels. Strengthen the information management of professional title evaluation, and establish a national intellectual property title evaluation service network platform. Where conditions permit, it is necessary to establish an intellectual property senior title evaluation committee, innovate the title evaluation mechanism, and enrich the title evaluation methods.

  (six) intellectual property professional degree setting support projects. Fully understanding the professional degree education is an important way to train talents who are in urgent need in the construction of a strong intellectual property country, speeding up the establishment of intellectual property professional degrees, giving full play to the important role of colleges and universities in the cultivation of intellectual property talents, and meeting the needs of the construction of a strong intellectual property country for high-level talents. Scientifically set up the curriculum system of intellectual property professional degree, closely combine the basic theoretical study of intellectual property with practical skills training, and focus on cultivating the practical ability of intellectual property talents. Promote the joint construction of intellectual property colleges and research institutes in the central region and explore new ways to train intellectual property talents.

  V. Organization and implementation

  (1) Strengthen organizational leadership. The national intellectual property system should attach great importance to the work of intellectual property talents, strengthen organizational leadership, improve the working mechanism, take effective measures, and fully implement the tasks of talent planning and deployment. The leading departments of various tasks should formulate implementation plans and promotion plans. Intellectual property management departments in various regions should combine local work practice, refine objectives and tasks, and clarify work responsibilities.

  (2) Increase investment in resources. Adhere to the concept of giving priority to the development of talents, increase investment in intellectual property personnel training, strive for the support of special state funds, strengthen the protection of urgently needed talents and key projects, and comprehensively strengthen support for talent work from the aspects of manpower, financial resources and policies.

  (3) create a good environment. Vigorously publicize the significance of implementing talent planning, and deeply interpret the guiding ideology, basic principles, objectives and tasks. Strengthen the positive encouragement of talent growth, create a development environment conducive to the entrepreneurship of talent officers, let the cause inspire talents, and let talents achieve their careers.

  (4) Pay close attention to the implementation of the work. Strengthen the tracking and monitoring of the implementation of talent planning, do a good job in the evaluation of talent planning implementation, sum up and popularize typical experiences and practices, find problems in the implementation of talent planning in time and study and solve countermeasures, and earnestly strengthen supervision and inspection to ensure the implementation of tasks.

Last year, the discharge of major water pollutants in China continued to decline, and the ecological environment of great rivers and lakes became better and better.

CCTV News:The latest data show that the discharge of major water pollutants in China continued to decline last year, and the goal of improving the quality of water ecological environment was successfully completed. The ecological environment of great rivers and lakes is getting better and better.

Guangyang Island in Chongqing is the largest green island in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, covering an area of about 10 square kilometers. Through satellite remote sensing images, we can clearly see that the jungle of Guangyang Island is dense and Shan Ye is beautiful. And 10 years ago, local ecology was destroyed by real estate development here.

Wang Yue, Executive Deputy Director of the Leading Group Office of Guangyang Island Area in Chongqing:It has left many traces of development, and the small-scale terraces and natural water system textures formed over thousands of years no longer exist.

In 2017, Guangyang Island was pressed the "stop button" for large-scale development, and then the National Yangtze River Office approved the 168-square-kilometer Guangyang Island area with Guangyang Island as the core to carry out the green development demonstration of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Today, 23 demonstration sites of ecological restoration have been built on the island, including Shangba forest, rape field, Daidai grass field and Shengli grassland, and the number of animal and plant species recorded on the island has increased by about 400. Hillside, streams, forests and wetlands are in harmony, and Guangyang Island is gradually returning to its natural color.

Wang Yue, Executive Deputy Director of the Leading Group Office of Guangyang Island Area in Chongqing:The purpose is to lead the whole Chongqing to play an exemplary role in the green development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt through Guangyang Island and Guangyang Island area.

Hunan: Harnessing and Repairing Exposed Mines Dongting Ecology continues to improve.

Crossing Chongqing, we continue to look downstream along the Yangtze River through high-scoring satellites, and the ecology of the 800-mile Dongting continues to improve. As the second batch of national integrated protection and restoration projects of landscape, forest, field, lake, grass and sand, the landscape project of Dongting Lake, a key ecological zone in the Yangtze River Economic Belt in Hunan Province, is being stepped up. In the vicinity of East Dongting Lake, in order to effectively carry out the treatment and restoration of bare mines, the local natural resources department used the laser scanning real-life three-dimensional technology for the first time to restore the actual face of the mine through satellite positioning and laser scanning imaging, providing technical support for subsequent greening.

Xu Song, Director of Yueyang Natural Resources and Planning Bureau:After three-dimensional restoration, we can analyze the data according to the presented images, and delimit the corresponding revegetation areas according to the geographical information, mining slope and ground flatness, so as to ensure the survival rate of vegetation seedlings.

According to reports, the ecological protection and restoration area of the Dongting Lake regional landscape project in the key ecological zone of the Yangtze River Economic Belt in Hunan Province is 796.93 square kilometers. At present, 50 sub-projects of 7 major projects are under construction one after another, involving 27 counties and cities in Yueyang, Changde and Yiyang. It is planned to fully complete the target tasks by the end of 2024.

Folk customs in Fujian: the traditional festival customs in Fuzhou started from the Dragon Boat Festival.

  China News Service, Fuzhou, June 6 th: The Dragon Boat Festival "ends" the traditional festivals and customs in Fuzhou.

  China News Service reporter Lin Weili

  As the Dragon Boat Festival approaches, many people in Fuzhou put up such red couplets in front of their doors. These words, which are neat and full of philosophy of life, are a unique culture of the Dragon Boat Festival in Fujian in the early years.

  In addition to posting lunch books, Fuzhou people will spend more unique traditional customs on the Dragon Boat Festival, which was included in the national legal holiday for the first time this year.

  According to Mr. Fang Binggui, a folk expert in Fuzhou, there are roughly ten activities in Fuzhou’s traditional Dragon Boat Festival, and a folk song sings these contents in a nutshell: "The Dragon Boat Festival is full of drums, and the belly is replaced by spring clothes; Dragon boat races in the river, sachets hanging on the children’s lapels; Every family is busy wrapping zongzi, and every household is happy to hang pu; Poison male yellow rice wine, avoid evil five-color symbol; Let the yellow smoke go, and post the noon book. "

  Among these ten activities, the belly pocket, sachet and midday book are the treasures in the cultural treasure house of the Dragon Boat Festival in Fujian, especially the midday book, which is unique to only Fuzhou Shiyi in China and can be called a must in China.

  Liang Zhangju’s "Couplet Conghua" in the Qing Dynasty recorded that Fuzhou folk customs, every year on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, the Dragon Boat Festival, must use red paper, write the antithesis, and stick it on the column, which is called "noon book". It is said that this custom existed in the Ming Dynasty, and it is called "the separation of peach symbols", which is actually a kind of festival couplets.

  However, with the accelerated pace of modern life, many old customs are gradually forgotten. This year, the Dragon Boat Festival was included in the national legal holiday for the first time. Although the three-day holiday is not long, it gives people time to settle down, return to tradition and regain all kinds of fun in the past.

  Miss Lin, who works in a media in Fuzhou, has been busy making dumplings-shaped sachets recently. She said that her grandmother taught her this when she was a child. When she grew up, she stopped doing it for a long time because of her busy study and work. However, this year’s Dragon Boat Festival has a strong festive atmosphere throughout Rongcheng, which reminds her of the Dragon Boat Festival sachets that have been put on hold for a long time, so she decided to pick up colorful colored lines again and make more sachets with her own blessings for relatives and friends.

  Some hotels and restaurants in Fuzhou have not only sold all kinds of delicious zongzi this year, but also added many activities with local characteristics, such as writing lunch books for the citizens, letting grandparents put Chinese-style covers on children, hanging fragrant bags and so on.

  On the occasion of the Dragon Boat Festival, Fuzhou will also hold "Our Festival-Dragon Boat Festival Theme Cultural Activities": reading Chinese classics, reappearing hanging white wormwood, hanging calamus, wearing sachets, wearing purses and drinking realgar wine will be presented one by one, and the traditional customs of the Dragon Boat Festival in Fuzhou will be interpreted.

  As one of the most famous activities of the Dragon Boat Festival, dragon boat racing is also essential for the annual Dragon Boat Festival in Fuzhou. Although the Fuzhou Dragon Boat Race was held in another place this year, Guangming Port, as the most traditional dragon boat race place in Fuzhou, has not been deserted. Every year from the first day of May to the fifth day of May, even if there is no dragon boat race here, the dragon boats of all villages will still go into the water to worship God and seek peace.

  At this time, many citizens always come to watch. Residents living nearby said that every year on the Dragon Boat Festival, there will be 50 or 60 dragon boats launched here. Whenever the dragon boat passes by, people will set off firecrackers to cheer for the dragon boat and pray for a safe and smooth year. (End)

China Consumers Association named KFC: Using "blind boxes" to induce excessive food consumption, when boycotting.

On January 12th, China Consumers Association published an article in official website, saying that recently, KFC and POP MART, a blind box seller, jointly launched the "DIMOO joint-brand blind box package", which caused consumers to snap up and aroused widespread concern in society. According to the sales rules of this blind box package, if you want to collect the whole set of dolls, you need to buy at least 6 packages, and the probability of rare hidden models is 1:72. To this end, some consumers will not hesitate to spend 10494 yuan to buy 106 packages at one time; There are also consumers who buy the "substitute food" service for "begging for a baby", hire someone to buy the set meal for them and get a blind box, and even do not rule out throwing away the food that can’t be eaten directly.

China Consumers Association said that in commodity sales, fancy promotion methods such as buying gifts, points, discounts and red envelopes emerged one after another. As long as it is reasonable and legal, the normal profit-making promotion not only increases the sales volume of the merchants, but also benefits the consumers, which is understandable. However, KFC, as a catering enterprise, deals in fast food for limited use, which is characterized by instant consumption on demand. Usually, consumers will not over-purchase, while the sale of limited-edition blind boxes is a means of "hunger marketing" to stimulate consumption, which easily leads consumers to impulse consumption in order to obtain limited-edition blind boxes, and leads to unnecessary food waste due to over-purchase. KFC, as a food operator, uses limited blind box sales to induce and condone consumers to buy food packages irrationally, which is contrary to public order and good customs and the spirit of law.

Film Review Hunger 3: The long happy ending is finally over!


1905 movie network news This film completely announced the end of this series to the public. At the end of the film, the eldest cousin jennifer lawrence not only lived sweetly with Pita, but also gave birth to two lovely babies, and happily began to recall the past as a mother. Obviously, the series wants to say goodbye to the fans who have supported them for several years with a happy ending, but unfortunately, no matter how much the last film has feelings of farewell and departure, it can’t cover up the old problems that the series is dragging on, lengthy and moaning.

 

The Hunger Games is a series of film works. From the beginning of the first film, the story progress of each episode is not too much, and there are a lot of story foreshadowing and antecedents. If this operation method is understandable at the beginning of the series, then the verbosity and procrastination of the second episode of single spark can start a prairie fire is not so acceptable. But what’s even more ridiculous is that the third part of the original novel is stiffly split into two episodes and shown separately. The naked money-circling behavior is unforgivable, and the boredom and boredom make this behavior look even more shameless. Therefore, many people’s expectations for The Hunger Games 3: Mockingbirds (Part 2) are ironic, just because it can finally be seen to be over.

 

Because the struggle between good and evil in the whole story has to be solved perfectly in the final chapter, there are bound to be a lot of scenes of revenge and fighting, which makes the story of Hunger Games 3: Mockingbird (Part 2) look less boring as a whole. Occasionally, a few small climaxes are not bad, no matter in rhythm control or visual creation, at least many viewers are nervous, and in these bridges, the character of the big cousin is fully shaped. But in fact, the excitement of The Hunger Games 3: Mockingbirds (Part 2) is limited to these fragmentary places. Even the reversal of the plot at the end of the film is not surprising to the audience. After all, while portraying a villain Si Nuo, the film reveals Julian Moore’s villain characteristics too obviously, paving the way for so much, and no one can see the director’s little career.

 

This love of bedding has not changed at all in The Hunger Games 3: Mockingbird (Part 2). The film length of more than 130 minutes, the last hour, is probably a story, an ambush pen, and even the final confrontation between opposing forces, that is, a simple explosion. It is also rare that the plot turns sharply and awkwardly. Even the most off-screen couple in history, Big Cousin and Pita, their relationship has been ambiguous, and the two kisses of Big Cousin have caused two bursts of laughter in the cinema. It is really difficult for Big Cousin, who walks between two men in the whole film, to make her make a choice. Of course, this ambiguity finally went to the right direction in the second half of the story. Kate Nice finally chose to trust Pita, but Pita, who didn’t have any eggs in the film, finally overcame her demons and finally walked with her at the end of the film. What the director wants to highlight is the true affection between two "game players" who have been born and died, but in the long entanglement, this feeling seems so weak.

 

The main scene of The Hunger Games 3: The Mockingbird (Part 2) has always focused on Kate Nice. For this screen myth with youth, beauty and rebellious spirit, the film really wants to put too much on her. From an ordinary girl to a generation of spiritual leaders, her path is tortuous and difficult. Faced with the death and injury of innocent people, the death of relatives, the departure of friends, the pain of beloved, etc., Kate Nice resolutely embarked on a road of no turning back in the name of revenge. Heroism in Hollywood is really an eternal topic. The film creates a heroic atmosphere with all kinds of ceremonial details, while Kate Nice has become the embodiment of freedom and justice because of the current situation, wearing a tight black leather coat and a black domineering longbow, and the visual image of a female warrior jumps from the paper.

 

However, this heroic feeling obviously ignores the complexity of her as a woman and a person. In The Hunger Games 3: The Mockingbird (Part 2), no matter how many hardships and difficulties Kate Nice encounters, the film emphasizes her courage and persistence. Under the big close-up and the hard expression of her big cousin, this character is too thin. This thinness can not be achieved by giving her love, affection and other relations and problems.

 

Of course, The Hunger Games 3: The Mockingbird (Part 2) is not just a story about revenge and the struggle between good and evil. Just like the original, this series is all about a dystopian theme. The new world and people’s desires, all kinds of political metaphors and reflections are full of it. The director seems to have a huge ambition to build a new world with a unique cognitive system, but he has never escaped from the previous cage and commercial shackles. For the description of class, oppression and resistance, the general public is generally described as insensitive, leaving Kate Nice and some of her comrades-in-arms sober-headed, and the great difference in the portrayal of heroes and non-heroes is also one of the reasons why this film is more and more like a small game.

 

It is true that the Hunger Games series is a part of the popular youth movie series in Hollywood, and the heroine herself is quite popular in the United States because of her excellent acting skills and good personality, but no matter how lively, the Hunger Games series films are not particularly good works. Then, although the trilogy of the original novel has been filmed, the capitalists have not put their words to death, and it is not impossible for the sequel to prequel in the future.

Many people around us have been recruited, so we must pay attention to this disease.

Original Xu Chao, I’m Chaoski.

Now that the flu is in an epidemic period, many people around me have confessed. I don’t know what the situation is like there.

According to the monitoring data of the National Influenza Center, the percentage of influenza-like cases in the total number of outpatient and emergency cases in southern and northern provinces increased compared with the previous week, which was also significantly higher than the same period last year.

Further analysis shows that the current wave of influenza viruses in the south and north are mainly influenza A virus H3N2 subtype.

Today, I will talk to you seriously about the related problems of swine flu. I hope you can do a good job of protection and avoid being recruited.

Influenza A (A) virus is a kind of influenza virus. According to the two proteins on the surface of influenza A virus, namely hemagglutinin (HA/H) and neuraminidase (Na/N), it can be divided into different subtypes. Among them, there are 18 H subtypes (H1-H18) and 11 N subtypes (N1-N11).

Three major H subtypes (H1, H2 and H3) and two N subtypes (N1 and N2) have been reported in humans. Influenza A virus subtypes commonly prevalent in humans include influenza A H1N1 and influenza A H3N2. Influenza A is the only influenza virus known to cause a global influenza pandemic.

Seasonal influenza is mainly caused by influenza A (H1N1), H3N2 and influenza B virus infection.

It is mainly transmitted by droplets of respiratory secretions, direct or indirect contact and fine particles. The incubation period after infection is usually 1-3 days.

The typical clinical features after infection are acute onset, high fever, headache, muscle aches, fatigue and mild respiratory symptoms.

Body temperature often reaches its peak in several hours to 24 hours, reaching 39-40℃, even higher or accompanied by cold, and may also be accompanied by respiratory symptoms such as dry cough, stuffy nose and runny nose.

Some patients may be accompanied by conjunctival congestion, retrosternal discomfort and gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea or constipation.

If there are no complications, the course of the disease is mostly self-limited. After 3-4 days, the body temperature will gradually subside and the general symptoms will improve, but it may take 1-2 weeks for cough and fatigue to recover.

If it is severe influenza, the disease progresses rapidly, mainly manifested as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute kidney injury, septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.

Among them, pneumonia is the most common complication of influenza, which can be divided into influenza virus pneumonia, secondary bacterial pneumonia or mixed pneumonia. It usually appears after 2-4 days, or the condition improves briefly after treatment, and symptoms such as fever, cough, cough with thick phlegm, and difficulty breathing reappear.

We used to hear family members in media reports say, "Isn’t it just a cold? When people came, they were fine. How could they die?" Yes, the flu is also possible.

For patients with chronic underlying diseases (such as heart failure, myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, liver and kidney dysfunction), the situation may be more dangerous. Some data show that compared with healthy people of the same age, patients with chronic basic diseases are more seriously ill after being infected with influenza virus, and the risk of death is 11.3 times that of healthy people.

There are two kinds of drugs commonly used in influenza. One is antipyretics, such as ibuprofen and acetaminophen. The other is anti-influenza drugs.

At present, the antiviral treatment of influenza is relatively mature, including neuraminidase inhibitors (such as oseltamivir), hemagglutinin inhibitors (such as Abidor) and RNA polymerase inhibitors (such as mabaloxavir). For emergency patients with non-severe influenza, antiviral treatment should be carried out in time after etiological diagnosis. For emergency patients with severe and critical influenza, antiviral treatment should be started within 48 hours of onset, without waiting for the result of etiological diagnosis.

Most cases of infection with H1N1 are mild. Besides the antipyretic and antiviral treatment mentioned above, symptomatic treatment can also be carried out:

1. If there is an acute cough related to influenza, antihistamines (such as diphenhydramine) and expectorants (such as acetylcysteine and carbomestane) can be added to relieve the cough;

2. If there is acute diarrhea related to influenza, you can use oral rehydration salts, fully rehydrate, supplement intestinal probiotics, and use montmorillonite powder;

3. If there is an acute sore throat related to influenza, you can use some buccal tablets and atomized inhalation. Many people have experienced "blade throat" before, and I believe they should have some experience.

Another point is the flu vaccine. I remind everyone to get the flu vaccine almost every autumn and winter, especially children, the elderly, patients with chronic diseases and other people with high risk of flu, and pay more attention to daily protection.

Generally speaking, after 2-4 weeks of influenza vaccination, the human body will produce antibodies with protective level. Some people may ask, is it too late to get vaccinated now? How to say, as long as you can get the flu vaccine, it is recommended to get it as soon as possible to prevent subsequent infections.

Ok ~ today’s issue is more serious. Thank you for seeing the friends here. I hope everyone can protect themselves and their families and be healthy ~

Reference: The consensus of emergency experts on the diagnosis and treatment of adult influenza (2022 edition)

Disclaimer: Some pictures are from the Internet. If there is any infringement, please contact to delete them.

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New progress has been made in domestic large aircraft! On December 26th, the world’s first C919 started its verification flight.

On December 26th, the world’s first large domestic C919 aircraft will start its 100-hour verification flight. After the successful completion of the verification flight, the first C919 is expected to meet the requirements of the Civil Aviation Administration as early as the spring of 2023 and put into commercial passenger operation.

As a new generation of large aircraft independently developed by China, what tests has C919 experienced? When can I take it?

Project establishment → First flight → pay

The "big plane dream" is gradually realized

In 2007, a major special project for large aircraft was formally established. After many years, step by step, the "big plane dream" is gradually realized.

It is expected to break the market monopoly pattern.

For a long time, the global civil large passenger aircraft market has been monopolized by Boeing and Airbus. With the delivery of C919, the monopoly pattern of the global civil large passenger aircraft market is expected to be broken.

Wu Guanghui, chief designer of C919, said, "It is estimated that in the next two decades, the number of aircraft in China will double, and the number of aircraft in the world will probably double. In this incremental case, it can fully accommodate our third and fourth markets. The market is win-win cooperation, and our customers need more choices. "

△ On November 8, 2022, in Zhuhai, Guangdong, C919 appeared at Zhuhai Air Show and performed an air show.

On November 8th, C919 made its first flight show at the 14th China International Aviation and Aerospace Exhibition. This wonderful appearance also ushered in an order for 300 aircraft. As of December 12th, C919 has won 1176 orders from 28 customers at home and abroad.

Explore the road of independent innovation

Large aircraft is the symbol of high-end manufacturing industry, and the industrial chain involves nearly 300,000 industrial personnel from more than 1,000 domestic enterprises, universities and research institutes.

The research and development of C919 has achieved 163 key technological breakthroughs. With the use of many new technologies and materials, C919 is expected to lead the rise of domestic high-end manufacturing industry after commercial delivery.

△ Aircraft landing gear requires extremely high material strength and toughness, leading the industrial development of ultra-high strength steel.

In terms of shape design, unlike the six windshields of traditional aircraft, the C919 only uses four windshields and adopts curved surface design. This can provide a broader vision for the pilot, and smoother nose lines can help the aircraft reduce air resistance and make the aircraft more fuel efficient.

Moreover, the C919 is equipped with the supercritical airfoil independently developed for the first time in China, which can effectively reduce the flight resistance compared with the traditional airfoil.

The key core technology "can’t come, can’t get it, can’t buy it". The successful development of C919 has explored the development path of China design, system integration, global bidding and upgrading localization. Independent innovation makes us more confident!

15 years to overcome difficulties and achieve national success.

Behind the blue sky of C919, the R&D team has experienced many tests.

Race against time! They implement the "611" and "724" working modes.

Since 2008, Wu Guanghui, the chief designer of C919, has led the team to race against time from scratch. He took the lead in implementing the working modes of "611" and "724": "611" means working 6 days a week and 11 hours a day; "724" refers to working 7 days a week and 24 hours a day during the critical period of tackling key problems.

Working hard day after day, the staff provided a solid guarantee for the independent innovation and research of China’s large aircraft and the safe flight of the C919.

The young team independently tackled the C919 and had the "China brain".

During his 14 years as chief designer of C919, Wu Guanghui led the team to overcome more than 100 key technical problems, among which flight control law is one of the most difficult projects.

The flight control law is equivalent to the "brain" of the aircraft, which fundamentally determines the degree of control of the flight process and helps pilots to operate the aircraft.

Zheng Xiaohui, head of the control law research team, said that in the early stage of research and development, the team was composed of young members with an average age of only 30 years old. They resisted the pressure and faced the difficulties.

Ten years later, the control law has finally changed from technical indicators and three-dimensional drawings to a complete system, and the C919 has the "China brain".

After five years of flight test, C919 was qualified for delivery.

Type certificate, production license and single-machine airworthiness certificate are required for the delivery of an aircraft. At present, C919 has obtained three certificates issued by the Civil Aviation Administration of China.

C919 has been tested and tested for five years from its first flight to delivery.

It needs to explore the risks of the new aircraft during the flight test, find out the performance limit of the aircraft under special conditions or conditions, and determine the boundary "red line" for safe flight.

For example, pilots need to fly in high-risk subjects such as stall and minimum ground speed. If they are not careful, the consequences will be unimaginable. This test flight verification is also called "dancing on the tip of a knife".

Take advantage of the wind and flap your wings in the blue sky.

Looking forward to the domestic large aircraft C919

Verify that the flight trip was a complete success!

Producer Tang Yi

Producer Wu Huifeng Wang Shuo

Planning Wang Danni

Editor Yan Jun