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Young Bruce Lee (right) and Master Ip Man.

Forty years ago, a generation of kung fu superstar Bruce Lee suddenly died in Hong Kong at the age of 33, which shocked the Chinese world. Regarding the cause of his death, although the answer given by the court is "drug allergy", there are still many arguments and speculations about it, which have been debated for many years.

Died at the gossip girl’s house

After the accident in Bruce Lee, some media have disclosed the scene in detail. It is reported that at about 1 pm on July 20th, 1973, Bruce Lee’s wife, Linda, went out, and Bruce Lee said that she would discuss the movie "The Game of Death" with Zou Wenhuai. At about 2 pm, Zou Wenhuai came to Bruce Lee’s house. They talked about the script outline of the film for a while, and then left together. At about 4 pm, the two went to the home of actress Ding Pei, who was also Bruce Lee’s gossip girlfriend, and agreed to meet Australian actor George Racimby in the evening. The three talked about "The Game of Death" for more than two hours. At about 7 pm, Bruce Lee said that he was "uncomfortable" and "had a headache". Ding Pei gave him a painkiller that she often took, and Bruce Lee went to sleep in Ding Pei’s bedroom. At about 8 pm, Zou Wenhuai went to pick up George Racimby. Half an hour later, Ding Pei went into the bedroom to see Bruce Lee. Seeing that he had fallen asleep, he called Zou Wenhuai and said, "Bruce Lee slept soundly."

At 9 o’clock in the evening, Bruce Lee was still awake. At 9: 45, Zou Wenhuai came to Ding Pei’s house. He tried to wake Bruce Lee, but Li didn’t respond. Ding Pei immediately called her personal doctor. About 10 o’clock, the doctor rushed to Ding Pei’s house and found that Bruce Lee was in a coma, and had no heartbeat, pulse and breathing. Although his pupils were not fully opened, they had no "vital signs". The last few people rushed Bruce Lee to the hospital, but Bruce Lee was confirmed dead.

All friends and brothers lie.

Zou Wenhuai was the first to reveal the news of Bruce Lee’s death to the outside world, but in a statement to the press, he claimed that Bruce Lee died in his own home, and his wife, Linda, was also beside Bruce Lee. In addition, Bruce Lee’s brother Li Zhongchen also said that his brother had an accident in a private apartment, which aroused media suspicion. Later, in an in-depth interview, the reporter dug up the ambulance’s "driving record" and confirmed that Bruce Lee was not transported to the hospital from his own home, but from the gossip girlfriend Ding Pei’s home, thus causing an uproar.

Public opinion is directed at Zou Wenhuai, but some media "feel wronged" for him, saying that Zou Wenhuai lied in good faith, because Bruce Lee and Ding Pei have already had scandals. If Bruce Lee’s death is related to Ding Pei, his image may be completely ruined.

The actress tried her best to leave the relationship.

Because he had an affair with Ding Pei, Bruce Lee died in his bedroom in Ding Pei. At that time, many people suspected that his death was related to feelings. Ding Pei also lost his mind in the days that followed, his spirit was almost insane, and his manners and remarks were quite rude. At that time, a reporter asked her if Bruce Lee was sent to the hospital from her home. Ding Pei actually answered irrelevant questions and screamed at the top of her voice: "Bruce Lee and I are innocent, I believe it will come out soon!"

To clarify the relationship, Ding Pei argued: "The report about Bruce Lee’s coma in my house is totally incorrect! When he died, I was not at home. I went out with my mother. The last time I saw Bruce Lee, it was a few months ago, and I accidentally met it on the road. " This statement is obviously contrary to the statement that "he died in Ding Pei’s bedroom", so people are more suspicious of Ding Pei’s ulterior motives.

The court said that he died suddenly.

Bruce Lee’s death caused a heated discussion at that time. In view of social pressure, the court heard the case two months later. After a series of investigations and evidence collection, on the morning of September 24th, 1973, the court finally ruled that Bruce Lee "died unexpectedly". The court held that Bruce Lee died of severe brain edema. It was caused by the severe allergic reaction caused by the combination of the painkillers containing Miritong and aspirin, which led to Bruce Lee’s death.

However, this is not recognized by everyone. Phil Jenkins, an expert at Cook County Death Cause Research Office in Chicago, USA, once pointed out that the autopsy report pointed out that Bruce Lee’s neck was not swollen, indicating that he didn’t die of drug allergic reaction, thus inferring that Bruce Lee died of sudden epileptic death. Phil Jenkins pointed out that sudden epileptic death can cause epileptic symptoms, leading to the failure of the heart or lungs. This disease mainly occurs in men aged 20 to 40. Lack of sleep and stress will increase the chances of illness, and Bruce Lee’s case meets the relevant conditions.

Friends have their own opinions.

Compared with the expert’s statement, the Legal Evening News on January 10th, 2008 quoted Du Huidong, a senior behind-the-scenes Hong Kong film and a good friend of Bruce Lee. He broke the news that Bruce Lee died because the raw beef and banana juice he drank every day conflicted with the medicine he took. Du Huidong has been a journalist in Hongkong since 1971, and he is quite familiar with Bruce Lee. Du Huidong said that Bruce Lee, who received American-style education, had long learned the American habit of using drugs to strengthen muscles. He had to eat nearly 100 vitamins, muscle enhancers and quick-acting nutrients every day, and he had to drink a large glass of raw beef banana juice every day, which probably conflicted with drugs.

Du Huidong also revealed that Bruce Lee loved to use the muscle fiber vibration machine invented by the Japanese six months before his death. He recalled that Bruce Lee said at that time that pulling the spring to lift the dumbbell would reach the limit after 300 to 500 strokes. However, after using the muscle vibration machine, shaking the muscles for 3 minutes by electricity would get twice the result with half a day. However, it is understood that the method of electric exercise is actually messing up the physiological clock, which makes people tireless. One year after Bruce Lee’s death, an Indonesian overseas Chinese named "Xieyuan" also used the same muscle fiber vibration machine to exercise, resulting in sudden death due to head congestion. Soon after, this kind of electric fitness equipment disappeared from the market.

However, Chengdu Evening News once reported that Jackie Chan was interviewed in 2008. The article points out that although Bruce Lee did have unhealthy physical training such as muscle electric shock before his death, he was also found to contain cannabis residues in his body after his death, which is considered to be the cause of Bruce Lee’s death, but in the view of his good friend Jackie Chan, it is not the case at all. Jackie Chan revealed that Bruce Lee was in a state of "preoccupation" for some time before his accident.

An announcement that Hengda Property sued Hengda for 2 billion exposed the internal entanglement of the "father and son".

In fact, it is not only Hengda Property that has taken the parent company to court. Since the beginning of this year, there have been many cases of property companies recovering accounts receivable from related real estate companies. At present, the real estate industry is in a downward cycle, and the capital problems of real estate related parties often lead to the impact of property companies, especially listed property companies. On the one hand, they are suspected of "blood transfusion" parent company. On the other hand, the real estate liquidity crisis has caused a large number of bad debts of property companies in accounts receivable, which has affected the profitability level.

In the opinion of industry experts, establishing a regulatory system for the use of property management fees in the property industry to ensure that project funds can be misappropriated at least is the key to preventing such incidents.

Hengda property to China Hengda recover 2 billion yuan

On November 28, Hengda Property announced that regarding the enforcement of its deposit pledge of about 13.40 billion yuan by the relevant banks, its wholly-owned subsidiary Jinbi Property has filed a lawsuit with the Intermediate People’s Court of Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China, for the recovery of Shenzhen Qihang Metal Materials Co., Ltd., Guizhou Guangjuyuan Real Estate Development Co., Ltd., Hengda Real Estate Group Co., Ltd., Hengda Real Estate Group Co., Ltd., and China Hengda Group for the enforcement of the deposit certificate pledge guarantee of about 2 billion yuan by the bank. It requires the relevant responsible parties to repay about 1.996 billion yuan and the provisional interest of about 150 million yuan. Hengda Property said in the announcement that it has received the notice of the court’s formal acceptance of the case on November 28.

On November 29, China Evergrande announced that it had paid attention to Hengda Property’s announcement on November 28 that Jinbi Property (a subsidiary of Hengda Property) had sued China Evergrande and three related subsidiaries for the enforcement of the 2 billion yuan deposit certificate pledge guarantee by the bank. As of now, China Evergrande has not received the notice of the Guangzhou Intermediate People’s Court to file a lawsuit against Jinbi Property.

It is well known that China Evergrande and Evergrande Property have a "father and son" relationship, and the public litigation at this time also exposed its internal entanglements.

In this regard, Yuan Chengjian, co-founder of Jiancheng Shengye, believes that from the perspective of legal relationship, although the two companies are affiliated companies, they are also two independent listed companies. Adopting such a legal and responsible handling method for shareholders can protect the interests of Hengda property shareholders during the handling of Hengda real estate debt, and also provide a reference for other similar events.

"But judging from the current situation, this treatment method has little practical effect, and it is estimated that the misappropriated funds that can be truly recovered will not be too much, or even just a kind of debt confirmation." Yuan Chengjian said.

Wang Yuchen, director of Beijing Jinsheng Law Firm, also pointed out that even if Hengda Property eventually wins the case, it will be difficult to recover the money, because judging from the current financial situation of China Evergrande, there may also be difficulties in implementation.

Xinyuan Service and Jinke Service also "collect debts" from the parent company

Taking the parent company to court is not just Hengda Property, but also the case of property service companies collecting debts from affiliated real estate companies.

On August 15 this year, Xinyuan Service announced that the financing obtained from its pledge was finally transferred to Xinyuan Real Estate for its daily business activities, namely project construction and delivery guarantee. Subsequently, Xinyuan Service submitted an arbitration against Xinyuan Real Estate to the Hong Kong International Arbitration Center, claiming to recover any losses suffered by the company on the mortgage.

It is reported that Xinyuan Real Estate holds shares in Xinyuan Service 300 million with a shareholding ratio of 60%. Xinyuan Real Estate is wholly owned by Xinyuan Real Estate.

In October this year, Xinyuan Service announced that the Hong Kong Arbitration Center has made a final and legally binding arbitration award, requiring Xinyuan Real Estate to immediately pay the losses suffered by Xinyuan Service, including the deposit principal of 402 million yuan, the time deposit interest loss of 2443.82 million yuan and the cost of review and investigation, totaling about 430 million yuan. On November 15, Xinyuan Service, which has been suspended for one year, issued two announcements to update its resumption progress.

In addition, the related party transaction between Jinke Services and Jinke shares has also been a source of concern.

Jinke shares received the litigation materials from the Chongqing No. 1 Intermediate People’s Court on May 29, and learned that the plaintiff Jinke Service Sued Company and its holding subsidiaries’ case on loan contract disputes has been accepted by the court. Jinke shares are requested to immediately return the principal of the loan of Jinke Smart Service 1.50 billion yuan, the interest as of March 20, 2023 32.3327 million yuan and the interest from March 21 to the settlement date.

On August 13, Jinke Services announced that the relevant member companies of Jinke Shares will transfer their respective offset properties to Jinke Services as payment in lieu of the payables due from the continuing related party transaction. The amount involved is 20.40 million yuan, and the offset properties include 36 items, with a total valuation of 20.80 million yuan. Although the relevant member companies of Jinke Shares have transferred 36 offset properties to offset the payables of about 20.40 million yuan, the scale of debt offset is still relatively limited compared to the litigation amount of about 1.50 billion yuan.

At that time, Jinke Service proposed in the announcement that Jinke shares were currently facing a serious liquidity crisis, and therefore could not settle the payments due to the company in cash. In view of the relevant circumstances, the company had reduced the provision of property management services or non-owner value-added services to Jinke shares.

Industry: Establishing a regulatory system is the key to prevention

In recent years, the profitability of property enterprises has declined significantly, among which the clearing of risks such as related party transactions is the main reason. In this regard, the Middle Finger Research Institute analyzed that the real estate liquidity crisis has caused a large number of bad accounts receivable of property companies, which has greatly affected the level of profitability. For example, in 2022, the average value of accounts receivable and bills of listed companies in property services was 1.531 billion yuan, an increase of 36.45% year-on-year; some listed companies disclosed the accounts receivable from related companies, and the average value of this indicator was 173 million yuan, an increase of 63.21% year-on-year. With the expansion of the scale of accounts receivable, the turnover days of accounts receivable have slowed down significantly. In 2022, the bad debt provisions for accounts receivable accrued by property management companies have generally increased. Some companies have made a large amount of impairment against the accounts receivable of related real estate enterprises, which has a significant impact on their performance.

In fact, in the past two years, the real estate industry has been in a downward cycle, and many property companies have also been affected by the financial problems of real estate related parties. On the one hand, the financial independence of listed property companies has been questioned, and they are suspected of "blood transfusion" parent companies. On the other hand, a large number of related party transactions receivables cannot be collected.

In this regard, Yuan Chengjian believes that establishing a regulatory system for the use of property management fees in the property industry to ensure that project funds can be misappropriated at least is the key to preventing such incidents, and it is also a true system guarantee for owners to be responsible.

Beijing News reporter, Yuan Xiuli

Editor, Yang Juanjuan, Proofreader, Wang Xin