标签归档 南京夜生活论坛网

How are the old houses in Macao rebuilt and utilized?

  In 2005, UNESCO listed "Macao Historic District" as a world cultural heritage in the World Heritage List. Macao architect Zhang Queqiao participated in the whole process of applying for the World Heritage. In a "one seat" speech held not long ago, he told us the story of Macao’s cultural heritage protection.

  Cultural relics buildings are very fragile, easily affected by wind and rain, and more easily influenced by human activities. However, when you make such a shabby building "alive" and hand it over from your hands to the next generation, you will have an indescribable sense of happiness. This kind of happiness will turn into a kind of motivation to support you to go on, so all the efforts are very worthwhile.

  —— Zhangque Bridge

  ■ Zhangque Bridge

  Macao architecture combining Chinese and western cultures.

  If you have been to Macao, you must know that there are many cultural relics in Macao. In Macau city walk, you will see an old building when you walk. However, most of the old buildings you see are churches, forts and temples. Today, I will introduce some relatively small buildings to you.

  For example, Gao’s mansion, which is Gao Kening’s mansion. It looks like a western-style building from the outside, but inside it is an authentic traditional Chinese layout and decoration.

  He Dong Library, which also looks like a Western-style building, but a closer look shows that these Western-style columns are decorated with Chinese patterns. There are also some buildings that use western-style pillars to support Chinese roofs.

  There is also Lujia Mansion, which is a traditional Chinese building, but if you look closely, you will find that its windows, from lintels to shutters and shell windows, are all influenced by western architecture.

  These Chinese and western buildings can be seen everywhere in Macao.

  The total area of Macao is about 33.3 square kilometers, of which 3.1 square kilometers belong to the scope of cultural relics construction or protection, especially in the Macao Peninsula, where the cultural relics are the densest and the population is the most concentrated. Therefore, the contradiction between the demand of space development and the protection of cultural relics is very prominent.

  Now it seems that many cultural relics in Macao are well protected, but in fact, they have been devastated by years before they were restored.

  I have been working in Macao for more than 20 years, and I have been engaged in the protection of cultural relics and architectural heritage since I graduated from university. Before the return of Macao, I worked with the Portuguese to repair buildings, mainly to restore the appearance of the buildings, and rarely involved the interior. After the reunification, we fully assumed the responsibility of cultural relics protection, from the restoration of the exterior and interior of the building to the transformation and reuse of cultural relics buildings.

  The practice of more than 20 years has made us know that the protection and sustainable utilization of cultural relics buildings is not an easy task. Today, I will share with you a few cases of renovation and protection of cultural relics that I have participated in.

  The longest-restored cultural relics in Macao

  Let’s talk about the Zhengjiadawu first.

  I have a lot of fate with this building. When I was a child, I lived 200 meters away from it and passed it every day. But at that time, I didn’t know that this building was originally the former residence of Zheng Guanying, a modern thinker. His book "The Prophecy of Prosperity" once influenced Sun Yat-sen and Kang Youwei.

  Zheng’s house was built by Zheng Guanying’s father from about 1859, and then his brothers slowly expanded around. At present, Zheng’s house retains an area of about 4,000 square meters. Its main building area is a traditional courtyard building in Lingnan, but many places are influenced by western culture, including some columns, ceilings and windows. This building is very famous, but it was very dilapidated before it was repaired.

  In the 1920s, the descendants of the Zheng family went out to develop, and the big house began to be sublet. In the forties and fifties of the 20th century, due to the war in the mainland, many people suddenly poured into Macao, and 400,000 people lived in the area of 4 square kilometers in the main city. At that time, many rooms and halls in Zheng’s mansion became? Rooms (note: a room is divided into several small rooms with partitions, and the living area is small, and the rent is usually cheaper), which was once subletted to 72 tenants and lived for two or three hundred people. Under the overload, the building was greatly damaged. ? There is not enough room, and many illegal buildings have been built on the rooftop and garden.

  In 2001, the government reclaimed the Zheng family mansion by replacing the land, and I participated in the reception work. At that time, the Zheng family mansion was in ruins, and my heart was very heavy. In fact, the Zhengjia Mansion was appraised as a cultural relic building in 1992. If it can be repaired earlier, it will not become so shabby.

  After the Zheng family mansion was recovered, people were very happy and hoped that it could be repaired immediately. At that time, we were under great pressure, because it was the first time that we were faced with such a large-scale restoration project of cultural relics, and the restoration was very difficult.

  I remember, before the reunification, I participated in the restoration project of the only dome church in Macao. At that time, the brick dome cracked and the structure was unstable, but in order to repair it before the reunification, the brick dome was replaced by a concrete structure. I felt very sorry and sad when I saw that the blue brick dome wall was smashed by a hammer. So I told myself that the restoration of Zheng’s mansion should be done step by step.

  From 2001 to 2009, it took us eight years to repair the Zheng family mansion, and every step was very careful. This is a cultural relic building that has been restored for the longest time in Macao.

  Cultural relics buildings pay attention to "repairing the old as the old"

  At that time, it took nearly a year to clean up the garbage. Because we are not only cleaning up garbage, but also "treasure hunting". In the garbage, you can find many components of old buildings, such as bricks, tiles, wooden components and so on. This job is not easy. When cleaning up the garbage, we are always ashamed. Once, my colleague was questioned by the police.

  After cleaning up the garbage, we made a field survey of the whole environment and recorded where it was destroyed and where it was missing. Why do you have to go to the scene to do these jobs? Because cultural relics buildings pay attention to "repairing the old as the old", they should use the original technology and old materials to restore the original space and appearance of the building. Therefore, it is very important to distinguish its original appearance. We can’t judge its previous appearance just by taking it for granted, but we must verify its authenticity on the spot.

  Let me give you an example. The Zheng family mansion has a straight sedan chair. When the car was received, it was very shabby and I didn’t know what it was like. Many people say that the Zheng family is very rich, and the platform must be paved with more exquisite stone. I asked: So where did the stone go? They said it might have been stolen. I find it strange that such a heavy stone is unlikely to be stolen. After careful search, we finally found some rammed earth under the two walls of the sedan chair. After comparison, we confirmed that this is the original platform. This is a common practice in Macao. So, we resurfaced the platform according to the formula of rammed earth.

  Another place, according to an old man who once lived in a big house, saw a round doorway in front of him when he was a child. I think he is right, because the word "Leave the Moon" is written on the back wall. According to the traditional architectural culture of China, there should be a circular doorway in front of this wall. But how big is this doorway? Fortunately, we found several arc-shaped stones on the ground of the garden. After comparison, it was confirmed that they were the arch wall stones of the Moon Cave Gate, so we rebuilt the Moon Cave Gate according to the radian of the stones.

  But not all places can find evidence to repair it. Like the Moon Cave Gate in Wenchang Hall, we vaguely see a pair of couplets on both sides of the doorway, in which two words are missing: "Now it’s yin and yang, borrow the attic to support the sky." We found a word "He" from an old photo and added it. What is the last word of "Yin and Yang are now combined, borrowing the attic to support the sky"? Some people say that "heaven" should be opposite to "earth". It is also said that Zheng Guanying should believe in Taoism, and Yin and Yang are one, and "one" is right. Because there was no evidence, we finally chose to leave it blank.

  Everyone saw that many places still looked very broken after being repaired, so some people said that we didn’t do a good job. In fact, when we were restoring the Zheng family mansion, many places were mainly reinforced, and more were used to show its historical development process. Repairing the old as the old is not only to restore the building to its original appearance, but also to leave traces of time in the process of building evolution.

  At that time, every household had a gatekeeper (the god of gatekeepers). We can see that the words "Wangxiangtang" written above the gate were printed by computer and pasted up, which is obviously a modern handwriting. We carefully cut the parts of these words with a scalpel, and found that there were 13 layers in them, indicating that it had been changed at least 13 times. In fact, we can technically shovel out all the words that were later covered and leave the original appearance, but we didn’t do that. Because we feel that architecture bears the flow of people, emotions and social changes, and these 13-layer words truly record the vicissitudes of life, so we finally kept it.

  And ever built? The floor tiles in the hall of the room were very shabby and uneven. At that time, there were a dozen people living in a few square meters, which was the humble abode at that time. We have also preserved this history completely.

  We try to use all the old materials we can, and if we need to make new ones, we will distinguish the old and new parts. For example, wood components are distinguished by color, and the darker ones are newly made. Old marks carved on doors and windows and mottled repair marks on external walls have also been preserved.

  The Root-seeking Journey of Chinese and Western Medicine Bureau

  Someone asked me: A cultural relic building has undergone so many changes. What should it be restored to? Personally, I feel that while the main space, style and style of the building are well preserved, it is very important to properly protect the traces in the development process, even the archaeological remains of the surrounding environment when the building was first built should be preserved and protected as much as possible.

  The Bureau of Chinese and Western Medicine is such an example.

  It is said that the Bureau of Chinese and Western Medicine was opened in 1892 when Sun Yat-sen came to Macao to practice medicine. Sun Yat-sen graduated from Hong Kong College of Western Medicine and was the first Chinese medical practitioner. At that time, he volunteered to give doctors at the Bureau of Chinese and Western Medicine, and did not accept medical fees to serve the poor people in Macao. In 2011, the government of Macao Special Administrative Region bought back the Bureau of Chinese and Western Medicine, and prepared to build it into an exhibition hall to show Sun Yat-sen’s life.

  The house was also in disrepair before it was repaired. When we were repairing the gate, we found that there seemed to be handwriting on the wall. We slowly peeled off the wall, and found that it was written with the words "Drinking Fragrant Fairy Pavilion". We suspect that it may have been an opium den at first.

  We also found a strange thing when we were repairing the building, that is, there was a well in the house. Wells are usually outdoors. Why is there a well here? We found some rubble foundations next to the well. Finally, according to the argument of colleagues majoring in archaeology, this may be an old pier site. Macao is a place built by sea reclamation. This site witnessed the passage of the coastline of Macao during the process of sea reclamation, which is a very important discovery.

  Then, we found some rubble foundations indoors, and many "Clark Porcelain" tiles, that is, China blue-and-white porcelain exported, which proved that Macau was an important node of the Maritime Silk Road.

  In 2016, when the Chinese and Western Medicine Bureau completed the restoration and opened it to the public, we also showed these archaeological discoveries together. We used modern language to design stairs connecting up and down to show archaeological sites and discoveries, making this old house more lively and rich.

  In fact, cultural relic architecture is not static, it is dynamic, and the content given to it by each era will become one of its connotations. We can also carry out new architectural design in old buildings and old environments, but the key is to respect its own value.

  The Extension Project of Hedong Library

  The way to rebuild the Bureau of Chinese and Western Medicine is to integrate modern languages into the original environment. I once did an expansion project in Hedong Library, and I used the same method.

  Hedong Library was originally a European-style building built in the early 19th century, which is a typical garden-style luxury residence. Later, Mr. He Dong, a wealthy businessman, bought it and turned it into his residence in Macau. His descendants donated money to buy many books, making this building a library for collecting Chinese books.

  When I was in middle school, the school happened to be nearby, and I often read in this library for two or three hours at a time. The front garden here is very beautiful and quiet. The back garden was not very open at that time, and the impression was very mysterious. Unexpectedly, a few years later, I have the opportunity to expand this library. Why do you want to expand? After the return of Macao, there are more and more readers, and the government pays more attention to culture and education. In order to increase the reading space, it is necessary to expand the library.

  When I made the design, I set three principles for myself: first, the new building can’t be antique, and it can’t be old and new; Second, the new building cannot exceed the height of the old building; Third, we must respect the inherent value of old buildings.

  After careful consideration, I decided to build the new building on the side of the old building and put the atrium between the old and new buildings. I want to emphasize that we must enter from the old building to the new building. This is an inherited relationship.

  Let me show you around: there is a beautiful front garden at the door, and then enter the tall old building. After a short and narrow staircase, I came to the open and bright atrium. Finally, it passes through the overhead floor of the new building and enters the back garden. When many people come to the library, they will find the spatial relationship between high and low interesting, especially when they enter the atrium from the very short old stairs, and they feel different.

  We use the simplicity of modern language to set off the richness of classical language, and the light glass contrasts with the thick wall, which has a different charm.

  Let the old buildings "live" with a new look

  Finally, I want to talk about Shalitou Library. This example is special because it is not a cultural relic building.

  I once saw many distinctive buildings in Macao slowly disappearing, which was a great pity, so we made a list of distinctive buildings in Macao, hoping to preserve these buildings as soon as possible through cooperation and find opportunities to evaluate them as cultural relics and protect them. Shalitou Library is one of them.

  There used to be seven arcade buildings here, which were built by the sea before. Because they were not cultural relics at that time, they could be demolished according to the plan and built into buildings more than 20 meters high. However, arcade is a distinctive architectural style for Macao. At that time, all the streets here were arcades, and these seven were the last ones. We want to keep the last flavor of this street.

  However, the decision is in the hands of the owner, and we can’t force him to protect the building, so we will talk to him about whether we can cooperate. We propose to rent these seven buildings and pay for their restoration to make them into a library. Upon hearing this, the owner expressed support.

  The fa? ades of these seven arcades have been preserved. We hope to turn the original space into a library. However, the drilling report poured cold water on us. The engineer said that this place was originally a sea reclamation, and the foundation was very unstable. The two floors have already subsided, so they should be demolished except the facade.

  We asked him to do something again anyway. The engineer thought with us for a long time, and finally found a way to keep three of the arcades and re-structure the others. Finally, this layout was formed: there is an atrium in the middle and two buildings with the same volume, one new and one old, on both sides. All the leftmost buildings are preserved, including the old stairs, walls and columns. We also kept some production tools and machinery in the original shop. The new building on the right is relatively simple, with the simplest decoration to set off the old building.

  Atrium is the focus of design. We made a container design in the atrium, because it used to serve the wharf, and we wanted to express our nostalgia for the old building. Through the large transparent glass in the atrium, new buildings can be seen in the old buildings, and the old and new spaces are integrated. Stairs and ramps are arranged around the atrium, and unconsciously there is a feeling of time and space shuttle. We also put the repaired old materials and components on the walls of the new building.

  At the end of the project, one day, I stood on the rooftop and found that I could see the sea in the distance. These arcades used to be by the sea, but now they are far away from the sea after gradual reclamation. I had a brainwave and asked my colleagues to open a window on the rooftop, reshaping its previous relationship with the sea. This window is called "Eye of the Inner Harbor".

  Shalitou Library is very popular after its completion, and it is brightly lit every night.

  Cultural relics buildings are very fragile, easily affected by wind and rain, and more easily influenced by human activities. However, when you make such a shabby building "alive" and hand it over from your hands to the next generation, you will have an indescribable sense of happiness. This kind of happiness will turn into a kind of motivation to support you to go on, so all the efforts are very worthwhile.

  (ten thousand leaves finishing)

Supreme Inspection: Curbing Cyber Crimes Involving Minors and Building a "Firewall" for Minors’ Cyber Security

  Cctv news: On the afternoon of May 31st, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate held a meeting to "protect the flowers with peers — — Strengthen the comprehensive performance of minors’ network protection, inform the procuratorial organs of the main situation of promoting minors’ network protection, release relevant typical cases, and answer questions from reporters.

  Na Yanfang, director of the Ninth Prosecutor’s Office of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, introduced the situation that the procuratorial organs focused on the crux of cyberspace, comprehensively and actively performed their duties, and further promoted the network protection of minors.

  First, based on the combination of criminal punishment and accurate assistance and education, resolutely curb the momentum of cyber crimes involving minors.

  First, severely punish cyber crimes that infringe on the rights and interests of minors according to law. Procuratorial organs have always adhered to the "zero tolerance" attitude, severely punished the crime of using minors to commit telecommunication network fraud according to law, and severely cracked down on criminal activities such as using the network to "molest" minors from a distance, infringing on minors online and offline, building and operating pornographic websites involving minors, using instant messaging tools and live broadcast platforms to spread obscene articles involving minors, infringing on minors’ personal information, etc., and maintained a strong blow and shock, and resolutely avoided making cyberspace a child’s injury, parents’ pain and social pain. From 2020 to 2022, procuratorial organs prosecuted 7,761 people suspected of using telecommunication networks to infringe on minors. Prosecuting crimes such as "obscene from a distance", "online contact, offline sexual assault" accounts for nearly one-sixth of the crimes of sexual assault against minors.

  The second is to punish and help minors suspected of cybercrime according to law. Procuratorial organs adhere to the combination of punishment according to law and accurate assistance and education, accurately identify the status and role of minors in cyber crimes, and take more targeted measures to improve the effectiveness of education and probation. For serious crimes, resolutely punish them according to law, so that minors involved in crimes can fully feel the majesty of the rule of law. From 2020 to 2022, procuratorial organs prosecuted 7,221 minors suspected of using telecommunication networks to commit crimes. For minors who are not subjectively vicious, have minor crimes, are first-time offenders, occasional offenders, and have positive repentance, they are "tolerant and not indulgent, strict and loving" while being given a lighter punishment according to law. From 2020 to 2022, the procuratorial organs applied conditions not to prosecute 2,749 minors suspected of helping the crime of information network crime, and helped the minors involved in the crime to correct their mistakes, get lost and return to society through targeted and accurate assistance and education.

  Second, give play to the advantages of centralized and unified handling of minor procuratorial business, and comprehensively protect the legitimate rights and interests of minors in cyberspace.

  First, multi-dimensional rescue and protection of underage victims. For minors who have been infringed by the internet, comprehensive rescue and protection will be carried out in time, and with the help of professional strength, the relevant units such as education, civil affairs, the Communist Youth League, women’s federations, and the Working Committee will provide psychological counseling, psychological assistance, loss recovery, life assistance, and employment resumption, so as to help juvenile victims get rid of the shadows, get out of difficulties, and return to normal and happy study and life as soon as possible.

  The second is to strengthen the protection of civil rights and interests of minors. In view of the situation that minors’ civil rights and interests in cyberspace are frequently damaged but difficult to defend their rights, procuratorial organs help minors to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests according to law by providing legal advice and guidance, urging guardianship and safeguarding rights, and supporting civil prosecution. For minors who exceed their age and intelligence in online consumption, webcasting, game sparring and other scenes, the procuratorial organs help minors safeguard their rights and interests and resolve disputes by supporting prosecution according to law. In the case of minors’ personal information and privacy disclosure and network intrusion, the procuratorial organs can effectively protect minors’ personality rights by supporting the filing of infringement lawsuits and the application for prohibition of infringement of personality rights according to law.

  The third is to actively promote the protection of public interests of minors. In view of the infringement of minors’ personal information by some short video platforms, the bottomless marketing of food for minors by e-commerce platforms, and the existence of drug-related audio and video information on online platforms, the procuratorial organs actively and steadily perform the procuratorial function of public interest litigation, urge administrative departments to fully perform their supervisory duties according to law through administrative public interest litigation, and make network operators bear civil responsibilities through civil public interest litigation, so as to promote the rectification and solution of problems and effectively safeguard the public interests of minors. From 2020 to 2022, procuratorial organs filed a total of 341 public interest litigation cases involving minors’ online rights and personal information protection.

  The fourth is to do a good job in handling cases and guiding rules. The Supreme People’s Procuratorate focused on the difficult issues of minors’ network protection, and successively issued No.43, No.141 and No.174 guiding cases, clarifying a series of rules for handling cases, such as criminal prosecution of "indecent assault from a distance", network protection of public interest litigation jurisdiction across administrative divisions, and civil support prosecution of network contract disputes, and providing case guidance and rule guidance for handling similar problems. The Supreme People’s Procuratorate issued a number of typical cases such as the protection of personal information of minors, the procuratorial supervision of big data empowerment, and the governance of emerging formats, providing reference and guidance for all localities.

  Third, promote the comprehensive management of minors’ network protection and build a "firewall" for minors’ network security.

  The first is to issue the "No.6 Procuratorial Proposal". The Supreme People’s Procuratorate has sorted out the new characteristics and trends of cyber crimes involving minors. In view of the chaos of cyberspace infringing on minors’ physical and mental health, in 2020, it specially issued the "No.6 Procuratorial Proposal" to promote relevant departments to jointly promote the comprehensive management of cyberspace infringing on minors’ rights and interests.

  The second is to help the industry rectify. In 2021, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate informed the National Network Information Office of the handling of the case, and put forward suggestions such as carrying out special industry governance, compacting the responsibility of network operators, promoting the improvement of algorithm rules by Internet companies, and promoting the long-term mechanism of network security.

  The third is to deepen the governance of the source of complaint. Focusing on the source of network protection problems, local procuratorial organs have actively promoted the treatment of the source of complaints and treated both the symptoms and root causes, aiming at the outstanding problems that are harmful to the healthy growth of minors, such as indulging in online games and being infringed by bad information, through talks and consultations, information notification, procuratorial suggestions, public interest litigation, and cooperation with the "card-breaking" and "net-cleaning" actions, and strive to eliminate hidden dangers in cyberspace.

  The fourth is to work together to build a security line. Adhere to prevention first, and guide minors to use the Internet safely through various ways, such as carrying out the rule of law on campus, prosecutors serving as vice presidents of the rule of law, issuing "supervision and guardianship orders", and publicity and education on network security, so as to effectively prevent network crimes. Cooperate with families, schools, society, government, network supervision departments and network enterprises to jointly manage and effectively prevent, and work together to build a network security defense line for minors.

Articles of Association of All-China Women’s Federation

General rule

The All-China Women’s Federation is a social mass organization that women of all ethnic groups and all walks of life unite for further liberation under the leadership of the Communist Party of China. It is a bridge and link between the party and the government and the women.

  Women in China are an important force in building Socialism with Chinese characteristics. In the primary stage of socialism, women’s federations should unite and educate women, implement the Party’s basic line and play an active role in building socialist material and spiritual civilization. The basic functions of the Women’s Federation are to represent and safeguard women’s interests and promote gender equality.

The first chapter: taking office

the first   Unite and mobilize women to participate in reform, opening up and socialist modernization, and promote economic development and all-round social progress.

the second   Educate and guide the majority of women, enhance the spirit of self-esteem, self-confidence, self-reliance and self-improvement, comprehensively improve their quality and promote the growth of women talents.

Article   Participate in the democratic management and supervision of state and social affairs on behalf of women, participate in the formulation of laws, regulations and rules concerning women and children, and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of women and children.

Article 4   Serve women and children. Strengthen contact with all walks of life, coordinate and promote all walks of life to do practical things and do good things for women and children.

Article 5   Consolidate and expand the great unity of women from all walks of life, strengthen friendship with women from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan and overseas Chinese, and promote the great cause of the reunification of the motherland. Actively develop friendly exchanges with women from all over the world, enhance understanding and friendship and safeguard world peace.

Chapter II Organizational System

Article 6   The Women’s Federation implements an organizational system that combines local organizations with group members.

Article 7  Women’s Federation practices democratic centralism. Its leading bodies at national and local levels are elected by women’s congresses at national and local levels.

Article 8   All-China Women’s Federation, women’s federations in provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, cities with districts, autonomous prefectures, counties, cities without districts and municipal districts, and regional women’s federations offices shall set up business departments according to work needs.

Chapter III National Leading Bodies

Article 9   The highest authority of the Women’s Federation is the National Women’s Congress.

The functions and powers of the National Women’s Congress are:

(a) to discuss and decide on the principles and tasks of the national women’s movement;

(two) to review and approve the work report of the Executive Committee of the All-China Women’s Federation;

(3) Amending the articles of association of the Women’s Federation;

(4) Electing the Executive Committee of the All-China Women’s Federation.

Article 10   The National Women’s Congress is held every five years. Under special circumstances, it may be held in advance or postponed after discussion and decision by the Executive Committee.

Article 11   When the National Women’s Congress is not in session, the Executive Committee of the All-China Women’s Federation implements the resolutions of the National Women’s Congress, and discusses and decides on major issues in women’s work and personnel arrangements.

After the full-time women cadres in the Executive Committee leave their women’s posts, their executive Committee posts will be relieved by themselves, and the replacement candidates will be decided by the Executive Committee.

Article 12   The plenary session of the Executive Committee of the All-China Women’s Federation elects a chairman, vice-chairmen and standing committee members to form a standing committee. According to the needs of the work, one honorary chairman (or several people) can be recommended.

Article 13   The plenary session of the Executive Committee of the All-China Women’s Federation is held once a year and convened by the Standing Committee. When the Executive Committee is not in session, the Executive Committee may reflect the situation and problems related to women’s work to the Standing Committee at any time and make suggestions. The executive committee members should actively participate in the relevant activities of the local women’s federation, keep close contact with the masses of women, and strive to carry out women’s work.

Article 14   The Standing Committee of the All-China Women’s Federation is the leading body of the Executive Committee during the intersessional period. The Standing Committee discusses and decides important issues in women’s work. The meeting of the Standing Committee is generally held once every six months, and the chairman may decide to advance or postpone the meeting according to the needs of the work.

The Standing Committee of the All-China Women’s Federation has a secretariat, which is composed of the first secretary and several secretaries elected by the Standing Committee to preside over the daily work.

Chapter IV Local Organizations at All Levels

   Article 15   The Women’s Federation establishes local organizations at all levels according to the administrative divisions of the country.
  Article 16   The highest authority of local women’s federations at all levels is the local women’s congresses at all levels. Women’s congresses in provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, cities with districts, autonomous prefectures, counties, cities without districts and municipal districts are held every five years. Township and street women’s congresses are held every three years. Under special circumstances, it may be held in advance or postponed after discussion and decision by the Executive Committee.

The functions and powers of local women’s congresses at all levels are:
  (a) to discuss and decide the tasks of women’s work in this area;
  (two) to consider and approve the work report of the Executive Committee of the Women’s Federation at the corresponding level;
  (3) Electing the executive committee of the women’s federation at the corresponding level.

Article 17   The executive committees of local women’s federations at all levels discuss and decide on major issues concerning women’s work in the region. The Executive Committee elects a chairman, vice-chairmen and standing committee members to form a standing committee to lead the work of the local women’s federation. Township and street women’s federations do not have standing committees. Candidates for chairmen and vice-chairmen of women’s federations at all levels need to seek the opinions of women’s federations at the next higher level, and the election results should be reported to women’s federations at the next higher level for the record.

After the full-time women cadres in the Executive Committee leave their women’s posts, their executive Committee posts will be relieved by themselves, and the replacement candidates will be decided by the Executive Committee.

Chapter V Grassroots Organizations

  Article 18   Women’s representatives will be established in rural administrative villages, township enterprises, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery farms, urban residents’ committees and street-run enterprises.
  Article 19   Party and government organs and institutions such as education, science, culture and health set up women’s committees.
  Article 20   Women’s congresses and women’s committees are composed of representatives or members elected by adult women according to their living areas and units, with one director and several deputy directors responsible for their daily work. Women’s congresses and women’s committees are generally re-elected once every three years. If there are changes during the term of office of deputies and members, by-elections may be held. 

Article 21   In rural mountainous areas, pastoral areas, agriculture, forestry and fishing grounds, the organization form of women’s representative meeting should proceed from reality, adapt to the changes in production structure and be flexible.

Chapter VI Group Members

   Article 22   The grass-roots trade union women workers’ committees in factories and mines and the trade union women workers’ committees at all levels and above are all group members of the Women’s Federation.

   Article 23   All national and local women’s organizations registered in the civil affairs department, and women’s organizations that serve the society, fraternity, religious groups and other mass organizations voluntarily organized by women from all walks of life can be group members of the Women’s Federation with the consent of the All-China Women’s Federation or the local women’s Federation.

Article 24   Women’s Federation should strengthen contact with group members and help and support them in their work. Group members should accept the business guidance of the Women’s Federation.

Article 25   Rights and obligations of group members: Group members can enjoy the right to participate in relevant activities of the Women’s Federation and make criticism and suggestions on the work of the Women’s Federation. Should undertake to reflect the situation of women to the Women’s Federation, report on the work, publicize the resolutions of the Women’s Federation to the women, and perform relevant tasks.  

Chapter VII cadres

Article 26   The Women’s Federation builds a contingent of women cadres with both ability and political integrity in accordance with the principle of revolutionizing, younger, better educated and more professional cadres. Women’s federations at all levels should gradually reform the cadre personnel system, realize the democratization of the election and appointment of cadres and the scientific management of cadres.

Article 27   Women’s federations at all levels should strengthen the training of their own cadres, attach importance to training and strengthen the construction of training bases. Women’s Federation cadres should flow reasonably. Women’s Federation should always recommend and transport outstanding female cadres to all fronts, and pay special attention to training and recommending and transporting minority and young female cadres. At the same time, attract outstanding women talents to work in the Women’s Federation.

Article 28   Leading cadres of women’s federations at all levels should keep close contact with the masses, accept their supervision and serve the people wholeheartedly. The term of office of the chairman and vice-chairman of the women’s Federation at or above the county level is generally not more than two.

Chapter VIII Funds and Property

Article 29   The administrative funds, business activities and career development funds of the Women’s Federation are mainly allocated by the government and are earmarked in the financial expenditures at all levels.

Article 30   Women’s federations at all levels can carry out various business activities according to local conditions and set up economic entities to develop the cause of women and children.

Article 31   Accept donations of funds and other articles from people and organizations at home and abroad who are enthusiastic about the cause of women and children.

Article 32   The real estate owned and used by the state to women’s federations at all levels and the entities established by women’s federations are protected by law, and no individual or unit may occupy it.

Changchun eπ 008 is on sale, the latest offer 188,600! Sufficient car

[Autohome Changchun Discount Promotion Channel] Recently, we learned from official channels that the model is undergoing a large-scale promotion in Changchun, with a maximum discount of 28,000 yuan and a minimum starting price of 188,600 yuan. For friends who have recently purchased a car, now is the best time to start this model. Please click "Check the car price" in the quotation form to get a higher discount.

长春eπ008特价出售,最新报价18.86万!现车充足

eπ008以其独特的前脸设计引人注目,整体呈现出一种未来感。其进气格栅采用封闭式设计,完美融合了科技感和时尚感。车身线条流畅,整体风格简约而不失动感。

eπ008车身尺寸为5002mm*1972mm*1732mm,轴距达到3025mm,展现出宽裕的车内空间。车侧线条流畅,配合21英寸的轮圈,采用265/45 R21的轮胎规格,整体造型运动且充满科技感。

长春eπ008特价出售,最新报价18.86万!现车充足

eπ008的内饰设计采用了简约而现代的风格,营造出科技感与舒适性的完美结合。中控台配备了15.6英寸的高清触控屏幕,支持语音识别控制系统,能够控制多媒体、导航、电话和空调等多种功能,极大提升了驾驶体验的便捷性。方向盘采用皮质包裹,手感细腻,支持手动上下和前后调节,以适应不同驾驶者的使用需求。座椅则采用仿皮材质,提供了良好的支撑和舒适度,主驾驶位和副驾驶位均配备了加热和通风功能,确保在各种天气条件下都能保持舒适的乘坐体验。此外,主驾驶位座椅还配备了头枕扬声器,带来更加沉浸式的听觉享受。车辆还配备了多个USB和Type-C接口,以及前排的手机无线充电功能,为乘客提供了便利的电子设备充电需求。第二排座椅同样具备多向调节功能,包括前后调节、靠背调节和腿托调节,使得后排乘客也能享受到个性化的乘坐体验。

长春eπ008特价出售,最新报价18.86万!现车充足

eπ008搭载了一款1.5T涡轮增压发动机,最大功率为108kW(147马力),峰值扭矩达到210N·m。这款发动机采用直列四缸布局,为车辆提供了强劲的动力输出。配合电动车单速变速箱,使得动力传递更加高效直接。

汽车之家车主 对eπ008给予了高度评价,他提到:“车身整体设计大气,非常耐看,看上去像30多万的车~”这样的赞誉无疑是对eπ008外观设计的认可,相信它会成为更多消费者的理想选择。

Delivered within 3 days of listing, the new polar krypton 009 sets a new record for pure electric luxury MPV delivery speed

  On July 22, the first delivery of the new MPV flagship MPV of Extreme Krypton Intelligent Technology (hereinafter referred to as "Extreme Krypton") started at the Extreme Krypton 5G smart factory in Qianwan New District, Ningbo. The new Extreme Krypton 009 was officially listed globally in Hong Kong, China on July 19, and the price in the Chinese mainland starts from 439,000.

Delivered in 3 days, the new polar krypton 009 refreshes the pure electric luxury MPV delivery speed record _fororder_image001

Extreme Krypton 5G Smart Factory, the first batch of new Extreme Krypton 009 will be delivered soon

  From listing to delivery, it took only 3 days to break the record of pure electric luxury MPV delivery speed, demonstrating the profound systematization strength of JK. The new JK 009 is based on the powerful core of the original pure electric luxury MPV of JK 009. The three electricity, performance, safety and intelligence are fully iterated, and with the absolute strength of the luxury MPV leader, the industry standard has been reshaped. With the successive delivery of new cars, the new JK 009 will also enter a new mileage of high-end travel together with users.

Delivered in 3 days, the new polar krypton 009 refreshes the pure electric luxury MPV delivery speed record _fororder_image002

Group photo of the first batch of users of the new polar krypton 009

  On the day of delivery, the Extreme Krypton executive team accompanied the first batch of user representatives to visit the Extreme Krypton 5G smart factory to explore the new Extreme Krypton 009 manufacturing process and the Extreme Krypton digital production system, and jointly witnessed the top intelligent manufacturing strength of Extreme Krypton.

  From the perspective of the first batch of users, the new Extreme Krypton 009 covers people from business elites to multi-family families, showing diverse needs for high-end travel scenarios. Mr. Wang, the first batch of owner representatives, said: "I have compared many competing cars, and the handling, comfort, luxury and value of Extreme Krypton 009 cannot be provided by other products at the same time. At the same time, for family cars, safety is also very important. For these reasons and comprehensive considerations, I chose the new Extreme Krypton 009." The car owner’s representative, Ms. Shen, said: "The comfort of the 6-seat and 7-seat versions of the new Extreme Krypton 009 is particularly good, but the 6-seat version gives me the feeling that it is more luxurious, and we still buy luxury cars. Although there are many children, we have carefully considered it and chose the 6-seat version."

Delivered in 3 days, the new polar krypton 009 refreshes the pure electric luxury MPV delivery speed record _fororder_image003

Extreme Krypton’s executive team delivers new cars to the first batch of owners of the new Extreme Krypton 009 

  Celebrities like "planting grass" and the new polar krypton 009 is popular when it is listed

  According to statistics, the total delivery of all models of extreme krypton is nearly 300,000 units. From January to June, extreme krypton delivered a total of 87,800 units, which doubled by 106% compared with the same period last year. It won the sales title of China’s pure electric brands above 200,000 in 2024 and ranked among the top 10 luxury brands in the Chinese market. With its benchmark product power, the extreme krypton 009 series has achieved remarkable results in all levels of market segments.

  In the first year of its listing, JK009 won the title of 500,000-level MPV sales in all categories with its extremely luxurious product power, and became the preferred car for high-net-worth people to travel and the social "golden business card" for high-end business circles. JK009 is favored by the new rich of the times. The order volume in the three months of listing exceeded the original annual production schedule. Users such as CEOs, corporate executives and public figures of listed companies accounted for more than 75%. The proportion of user recommendations continued to rise, and the power of top luxury products was well-known.

Delivered in 3 days, the new polar krypton 009 refreshes the pure electric luxury MPV delivery speed record _fororder_image004

In the first half of 2024, Krypton became the sales champion of Chinese pure electric brands with more than 200,000 yuan

  Backed by the deep heritage of the family, the new Extreme Krypton 009 has attracted widespread market attention once it was launched. As early as the pre-sale period, within a week of the opening of the order channel, the new Extreme Krypton 009 has received more than 3,000 orders in markets outside the Chinese mainland, demonstrating strong market potential. Since its launch, the new Extreme Krypton 009 has had a strong market response, and the topic of discussion has remained high. It has not only been praised and certified by celebrities such as Guo Fucheng and She Shiman, but also personally "planted grass" and placed orders. It has attracted a large number of users to visit the store to experience the real car. Extreme Krypton store traffic counting, booking test drives, car purchase orders, and factory output continue to rise.

  "Reborn" Full-dimensional evolution to create a new benchmark for luxury MPV

  The recognition of the market and users comes from the hard-core product strength. The upgrade rate of the new Polar Krypton 009 vehicle is as high as 54%, bringing a reborn quality experience. The seven-seat aisle version is the world’s first, and above luxury, it is IKEA and IKEA.

  The new Polar Krypton 009 is a pure electric MPV without mileage anxiety. Full-stack 800V high-voltage architecture, matching 5C Kirin battery, SoC 10% -80% charging only takes 11 and a half minutes at the fastest, charging for 10 minutes, battery life of 500 kilometers, fast charging performance first in the world; battery life up to 900 kilometers, surpassing fuel MPV, comparable to hybrid MPV, is the ceiling of pure electric MPV battery life. According to media measurements, the new Polar Krypton 009 has only been charged three times from Beijing to Hong Kong for 2,360 kilometers in 4 days, and the battery life achievement rate of each section exceeds 85%.

Delivered in 3 days, the new polar krypton 009 refreshes the pure electric luxury MPV delivery speed record _fororder_image005

Relying on the "three 800" solution, the new polar krypton 009 is a pure electric MPV without mileage anxiety.

  The new Extreme Krypton 009 is the fastest luxury MPV in the world. The whole series of high-performance silicon carbide electric drive, zero hundred acceleration fastest 3.9 seconds, shoulder-to-shoulder high-performance supercar. Front double fork arm + rear integrated multi-link independent suspension, all series standard CCD electromagnetic vibration reduction, double cavity air suspension, chassis lift and intelligent magic carpet functions, pass comparable to large luxury SUVs, combined with Extreme Krypton exclusive adjustment, dynamic comfort surpasses traditional luxury MPVs.

  The new Extreme Krypton 009 is a new benchmark for luxury MPV safety. Inheriting Extreme Krypton safety, the new Extreme Krypton 009 has also passed the world’s only "MPV chain rear-end test" to further verify safety. Standard lidar, using Mobileye intelligent driving solution, high-speed NZP will be opened as soon as it is listed. Combined with the 720-degree active safety warning system, it sets a new benchmark for intelligent safety. In addition, multiple intelligent guardian functions such as physical isolation design such as privacy glass and intelligent privacy sound shield lead the travel privacy and security in the intelligent era.

  The new Extreme Krypton 009 is "child-friendly spaces", and it is also the ceiling of a luxury nanny car. The seven-seat aisle version brings a spacious central passage, which is more convenient to get on and off; the top touch and support experience of the second-row aviation seats, combined with the Eames recliner mode, the experience is more comfortable. As the only MPV in the industry that meets the national highest level "AA" eye protection standard, the new Extreme Krypton 009 carefully protects children’s visual health. Extreme Krypton pioneered the Children’s Guardian APP, focusing on the riding needs of children aged 0 to 12, to help parents easily cope with various situations.

Delivered in 3 days, the new polar krypton 009 refreshes the pure electric luxury MPV delivery speed record _fororder_image006

New Extreme Krypton 009 Children’s Guardian APP

  From four seats to six seats to seven seats, the new Krypton 009 subverts the previous standard luxury experience to meet the needs of more people and scenarios. As deliveries continue to climb, the new Krypton 009 will also become the "new king" of the luxury MPV market, helping the Krypton brand to a new level. (Source: Krypton Automotive)

Huawei P7 Arsenal customized version released, mobile phone brand staged football carnival

7003383
7005136
7005137
7003385
7003386
7003387
7003388
7004638
7004639
7004637
7003389

Looking at BYD from the Long-term Perspective behind the Release of "Yunnian"

   ■Xing Rui  

  Innovation is endless.
  
  On April 10th, BYD once again made a major technological breakthrough — — With the release of the "Cloud" system, the industry marveled at the high efficiency and ability of BYD’s self-developed technology, and at the same time marveled at the "wide and deep" moat of BYD.

Than 1

  Wang Chuanfu, chairman and president of BYD Group, made an image metaphor for the technical release of "Yunqi". He said that BYD has fished up another "fish" (from the "technical fish pond").  

  "Cloud chariot" means more than "from zero to one"
  
  It is no exaggeration to describe this year’s auto market as "big wind and waves", but no matter how big the wind and waves are, they can’t stop the pace of the strong. After winning the title of China auto market in 2022 with sales of 1.8 million vehicles, BYD still maintained its strong style in the first quarter of this year, with monthly sales exceeding 200,000 vehicles, accounting for nearly 40% of the new energy vehicle market. Behind the sales volume is the full-stack self-research technology that supports BYD to get out of the "big bull" market — — Blade battery, CTB technology, easy quartet, BYD step by step, on the road of technological innovation, "braving the wind and waves."
  
  Now, BYD has taken another big step on the road of self-developed technology: On April 10th, BYD released the world’s first new energy exclusive intelligent body control system — — "Cloud chariot". As the latest achievement of full-stack self-research, "Yunnian" marks that BYD has become the first China automobile enterprise to master the intelligent body control system independently.
  
  "Cloud chariot" is taken from "Wei Shu": "The cloud chariot worships the cool, and the royal banquet is peaceful". Among them, the "chariot" is the ancient emperor’s car. The "cloud" symbolizes the creation of a lighter and more stable driving experience with intelligent technology. It not only has the ultimate pursuit of travel in ancient times, but also integrates modern advanced technology, which is also the "Chinese new luxury" refined by Wang Chuanfu.

Than 2

  "Yunqi is China people’s own body control system." Wang Chuanfu said: "The birth of Yunqi has rewritten the history that body control technology relies on foreign countries, filled the domestic technical gap and achieved a breakthrough from 0 to 1. On the other hand, ‘ Yunqi ’ Beyond the foreign technical level, it stood in the leading position in the industry as soon as it debuted, completed the upgrade from 1 to 2, and climbed another peak. "  

  "You choose the route, and leave the rest to Yunqi."
  
  Wang Chuanfu’s speech was interrupted several times by warm applause on the spot. One time, when he introduced the origin of "Yunqi" (three-dimensional thinking of vertical direction control), he said: "You choose the route and leave the rest to Yunqi." What heroism and technical confidence this is.
  
  "Easy Sifang" is a heavy technology released by BYD at the beginning of this year, which can realize four-wheel independent drive and effectively avoid the "secondary injury" caused by flat tire during high-speed driving. Only three months later, BYD’s "Cloud chariot" eliminated the "secondary injury". In a video demonstration that looked up at U9 as an example, U9 with a flat tire could still run stably on three wheels.
  
  In Wang Chuanfu’s lecture, BYD’s "cloud" technical idea became clearer and clearer, breaking the original "convention" for the vertical control industry of the car body — — Instead of starting with a single technology or hardware, a systematic solution is adopted to upgrade the "vertical and horizontal two-dimensional" control to the "vertical and horizontal three-dimensional" control, which is like plugging the electric and intelligent "wings" into the vertical control of the car body.
  
  "Cloud chariot" can effectively restrain the change of body posture, greatly reduce the risk of vehicle rollover and reduce the sitting displacement of drivers and passengers. At the same time, the cloud chariot system can effectively protect the car body under complex road conditions such as snow, mud and water, avoid the collision damage of the whole car caused by terrain, improve the comfort and safety of driving, and realize the double protection of people and cars.

Than 3

  The "Yunqi" product matrix includes Yunqi -C, Yunqi -A, Yunqi -P and other products, which will greatly enhance the driving experience of consumers from the dimensions of comfort, control, safety and off-road.  

  Yunqi -C: Yunqi -C intelligent damping body control system realizes the perfect compatibility of vehicle comfort and sportiness. Yunqi -C hardware has been installed on some configuration versions of BYD Han, Tang and Tengshi D9 models, and will be upgraded to Yunqi -C system through OTA.
  
  Yunqi -A: Yunqi -A intelligent air body control system makes the whole vehicle have the ultimate comfort, support and passability, and sets a new benchmark for luxury. Take the first leap N7.
  
  Yunqi -P: Yunqi -P intelligent hydraulic body control system can realize super-high lift, four-wheel linkage and camping adjustment, and create a new peak of luxury off-road in the world. First take a look at brand U8.
  
  Wang Chuanfu summed up the safety upgrade brought by "Yunqi" quite well. He said, "Let the luxurious ceiling be higher and the bottom line of safety be firmer."
  
  "Super technology" opens the door to the new world
  
  At the end of the conference, it was an essential "egg".
  
  Looking up at U9 equipped with cloud -X technology came to the center of the stage with an unprecedented "swing" posture. Finally, it completed the appearance show with a four-wheel simultaneous jump from the ground.

Than 4

  The seemingly simple jumping and swinging is actually the Yunqi -X full-active body control technology, which can realize high-order functions such as "0" roll, "0" pitch, three-wheeled driving, vehicle dancing and in-situ take-off, and represents the highest level of the global body control system.  

  Lian Yubo, executive vice president of BYD and president of Automotive Research Institute, simply summed it up as "a small step for car body control and a big step for comfortable travel." He said that Yunqi intelligent body control system is a super technology with both extreme experience and extreme safety. It will bring subversive improvement to the driving experience with excellent genes of high intelligence, safety protection, stable driving and full coverage to ensure the safety and stability of the whole vehicle.
  
  It can be said that technology will always be BYD’s "bottom logic", with 69,000 technicians and 28,000 authorized patents, and the accumulated investment in research and development exceeds 100 billion yuan … … These figures, Wang Chuanfu is like a few treasures, and he is also proud of it. He believes that BYD’s self-developed technology is a necessary and correct choice to maintain its iterative ability. "We are fighting for engineers, fighting for the ability of vertical integration, fighting for market strategy and fighting for scale advantages." The word "fight" shows the fierce market competition and BYD’s sense of urgency to seize the day. With the geometric growth of R&D investment, BYD’s "technical fish pond" is getting bigger and bigger, its technical reserves are getting richer and richer, and its confidence in participating in all-round competition is getting more and more sufficient. Wang Chuanfu said, "When it is critical (for example, looking forward to brand release), it will be fished out."

Than 5

  Therefore, BYD’s success today is not due to luck, but the inevitable result of "persisting in the initial intention" and "bold innovation", and it is the persistent "technology-based enterprise" that pushes BYD all the way forward. In March this year, BYD won the championship with sales of more than 200,000 vehicles, and was far ahead of other car companies with a market share of nearly 40%.  

  Nowadays, the strong rise of Tengshi brand, the expectation of brand release and the landing of more high-end technologies such as "Yunqi" have opened the door to the future for BYD, and on the other side of the door, it is a "new world" that China brand has been yearning for for for a long time, but it has never been touched. (Image courtesy of BYD)

Traveling with ancient poems, 25 poems about scenic spots are worth reading!

In the poet’s pen, the scenery is infinite.

West Lake is"If you want to compare the West Lake to the West Lake, it is always appropriate to make up lightly."; Taishan is"once climbing to the top of the peek, one would see, the other mountains all appear dwarfs under the sky."; Chibi is"Rocks go through the air, waves beat on the shore, and thousands of piles of snow are rolled up."; Yangzhou is"The green hills are faint with water, and the grass in the south of the Yangtze River has not withered in autumn."……

Do you want to see it? Review 25 poems about scenic spots. This summer, start a cloud tour!

Lushan Waterfall

  • Mount Lushan

Lushan: Also known as Kuangshan, it is one of the famous mountains in China. Poyang Lake Basin, located in the northern part of Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, stands on the shores of Poyang Lake and the Yangtze River in Lushan District.

Looking at Lushan Waterfall

Tang Li Bai

Purple haze was lit by the sun’s rays, and the waterfall was seen hanging in front of the mountain.

The high bluff on the high cliffs, as if there were a few thousands of feet, people trance thought that the galaxy from heaven to fall into the world.

  • Yellow Crane Tower

The Yellow Crane Tower was built in two years by Wu Huangwu of the Three Kingdoms. It is an ancient famous building, and its former site is on the Yellow Crane Rock in Wuchang, Hubei, overlooking the river and facing Guishan on the other side of the river. Located in Wuhan, Hubei Province.

Yellow crane tower

Don Cui Hao

The fairy of the past has flown away by the yellow crane, leaving only an empty yellow crane tower.

The yellow crane never came back, for thousands of years to see the long white clouds.

Every tree in Hanyang becomes clear by sunlit water, and Parrot Island is covered by the sweet grass.

But I look toward home, and twilight grows dark There was a mist hanging over the river, bringing deep melancholy to the people.

Junshan Island in Dongting Lake

  • Dongting Lake

Dongting Lake, known as Yunmeng, Jiujiang and Chonghu in ancient times, is located on the south bank of Jingjiang River in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. The name of Dongting Lake began in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and was named after Dongting Mountain (now Junshan Mountain) in the lake.

Wangdongting

Don Liu Yuxi

The lake and the moon are in harmony, and there is no wind mirror on the pool surface.

Looking at Dongting from afar, there is a green snail in the silver plate.

  • Yueyang Tower

Yueyang Tower is located in Yueyang City, Hunan Province, overlooking Dongting and overlooking Junshan Mountain. Since ancient times, it has been known as "Dongting is the world’s water, Yueyang is the world’s building", and it is also known as "the three famous buildings in the south of the Yangtze River" with Yellow Crane Tower in Wuhan, Hubei and Tengwang Pavilion in Nanchang, Jiangxi.

Climbing Yueyang Tower

Don du fu

In the past, I heard that Dongting lake was magnificent, and today’s wish finally boarded the Yueyang tower.

The vast expanse of the lake tears the Wu Chu, as if the sun and the moon and the stars are floating in the water.

There is no news from my friends and relatives. I am old and ill and drift in a boat.

The battle of the northern border gates began again, and I looked into tears over the railing.

Yueyang Tower in Hunan Province

  • Three Gorges Baidicheng

Baidicheng is located in Baidi Town, fengjie county, Chongqing, at the entrance of the western end of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River (the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River starts from Baidicheng in Fengjie, Chongqing, and ends in Nanjinguan, Yichang, Hubei).

Early release of Baidicheng

Tang Li Bai

Early in the morning, I bid farewell to the high into the roller city of Kangnung, far in the thousands, the ship only one day.

Cross – strait ululation of apes, also in the ear ceaselessly crowing unconsciously, the canoe has passed the heavy castle peak.

  • blacktail row

Wuyi Lane: Located in the south of Qinhuai River in Nanjing. During the Three Kingdoms period, the State of Wu once set up a military camp here, which was the residence of the imperial army. Because the imperial guards were dressed in black uniforms at that time, there was a saying here that Wuyi Lane was called. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Wang Dao and Xie An lived in Wuyi Lane, calling their children "Wuyilang".

Wuyi lane

Don Liu Yuxi

Rosefinch bridge edge some weeds flowering, Wuyi Lane mouth only the sunset.

The swallows under the eaves of Wang Dao and Xie an have now flown into the homes of ordinary people.

Hangzhou West Lake

  • West Lake

West Lake is located in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, with a lake area of 6.38 square kilometers. West Hunan, west and north are surrounded by mountains on three sides, and there are scenic spots such as Broken Bridge, Leifeng Pagoda, King Qian’s Memorial, Jingci Temple and Su Xiaoxiao Tomb.

Rain after drinking Chu Qing on the lake

Song Sushi

The water is bright and sunny, and the mountains are empty and rainy.

If the west lake is more than the dead beauty Xi Shi, C Plus is so suitable.

  • Hanshan Temple

Hanshan Temple, located in gusu district, Suzhou City, was founded in the days of Tianjian in the Xiao Liang Dynasty in the Southern Dynasties, and was originally named "Miaoliping Pagoda". During the Zhenguan period in the Tang Dynasty, two eminent monks, Hanshan and Xiqian, founded Hanshan Temple. Hanshan Temple was once one of the top ten famous temples in China in history.

A night-mooring near maple bridge.

Tang Zhangji

The moon has fallen crow, crowing cold, sleeping on the maple trees and the fishing lane on the river.

The lonely cold mountain temple in the city outside the city of Suzhou, the sound of the bell ringing in the middle of the night passed to the passenger ship.

Suzhou Hanshan Temple

  • Red Wall

Chibi: This refers to Huangzhou Chibi, a "red nose rock" in the west of Huanggang, Hubei. The Red Cliff, the ancient battlefield of the Three Kingdoms, is thought by the cultural circles to be in the northwest of Pu Yin County, chibi city, Hubei Province.

Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia

Song Sushi

The endless river flows eastward, with its huge waves,gone are all those gallant heroes of bygone years.

To the west of the old base, humanity is: Red Cliff in Zhou Lang, the Three Kingdoms.

The steep rock walls, such as the thunder of the waves against the river bank, the waves of spray like to roll up tens of millions of snow.

The majestic river shan qi, such as the picture, how many heroic heroes emerge at a time.

Thinking back in the days of Zhou Yu’s spring breeze, beautiful beautiful young Joe just married him, his heroic heroic spirit full of.

Feather fan nylon scarf, talking and laughing, lost in smoke.

I am fugue today in the battlefield, I am feeling the a feeling heart, prematurely born with white hair.

Life is like a dream, and sprinkle a cup of wine to pay tribute to the moon on the river.

  • Pavilion of Prince Teng

Tengwang Pavilion, one of the three famous buildings in the south of the Yangtze River, is located in the northwest of Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province. It was founded in the fourth year of Tang Yonghui (AD 653), and it was named after the founding of Tengwang Li Yuanying, the younger brother of Li Shimin of Emperor Taizong. It was also famous for the poem of Wang Bo, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty, "Sunset and lonely Qi Fei, the autumn waters are all the same."

Poems of Tengwangge

Tang wangbo

Teng Wang Gao Ge Linjiang Zhu, Pei Yu Ming Luan went to dance.

Draw a building facing Nanpu cloud, and the bead curtain rolls up the rain in the western hills at dusk.

The shadow of the idle cloud pool is long, and things change for a few years.

Where is the emperor in the cabinet today? Outside the threshold, the Yangtze River flows by itself.

Mount Taishan in autumn

  • Mount Tai

Mount Tai, one of the five mountains, is located in the middle of Shandong Province. Mount Tai is regarded by the ancients as a paradise that "goes straight to the throne" and has become a sacred mountain worshipped by the people and worshipped by the emperors. There is a saying that "Mount Tai is safe and safe everywhere".

Wang yue

Don du fu

What a majestic sight of holy Mountain Tai! Out of Qilu, still visible the green peak.

Magic natural convergence of thousands of beautiful, the south of the mountains north of the separation between early morning and dusk.

Layers of white clouds, clean up the chest and ravines; Pianpian birds, fly into the eye rims.

Try to ascend the mountain’s crest: It dwarfs all peaks under our feet.

  • Temple of Marquis

Wuhou Temple, located in Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, was built in the third year of Zhangwu (223). It was originally a special temple to commemorate Zhuge Liang, also known as Kongming Temple, Zhuge Temple, Prime Minister Temple, etc., and later merged into a temple where the monarch and the minister jointly sacrificed.

Shu Xiang

Don du fu

Where is the temple of the famous Premier In a deep pine grove near the City of Silk.

With the green grass of spring colouring the steps, and birds chirping happily under the leaves.

The third summons weighted him with affairs of state, and to two generations he gave his true heart.

But before he could conquer, he was dead, and heroes have wept on their coats ever since.

Chengdu Wuhou Temple

  • Mount Songshan

Songshan Mountain is located in the west of Henan Province, in the northwest of Dengfeng City, adjacent to the ancient capital Luoyang in the west and Zhengzhou in the east, belonging to the Funiu Mountain system. There were more than 30 emperors and more than 150 famous literati in Songshan. The Book of Songs has"Song Gao Wei Yue, Jun Ji Tian"The famous sentence.

Bound home to mount song.

Tang Wangwei

The limpid river, past its bushes, running slowly as my chariot.

Becomes a fellow voyager, returning home with the evening birds.

A ruined city-wall overtops an old ferry, autumn sunset floods the peaks.

Far away, beside Mount Song, I shall close my door and be at peace.

  • Mount Emei

Emei Mountain is located in the southwest of Emei Mountain, Sichuan Province. There are two opposite peaks, which look like moths’ eyebrows, hence the name. It is one of the four famous Buddhist mountains in China. From the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain, waterfalls and springs flow along the way, and the scenery is quiet. Since ancient times, it has been known as "Emei is the best in the world".

Yuege of Emei Mountain

Tang Li Bai

Emei Mountain is in the autumn of the first half of the month, and it is reflected in the Pingqiang River.

At night, Qingxi went to the Three Gorges, and Sijun did not see Yuzhou.

Emeishan scenery

  • Tianmen Mountain

Tianmen Mountain: It is located on both sides of the Yangtze River in the southwest of dangtu county, Anhui Province, with Dongliang Mountain (also known as Bowang Mountain) in the east and Xiliang Mountain (also known as Liangshan Mountain) in the west. The confrontation between the two mountains across the river is like a gateway set by heaven, hence the name Tianmen.

Looking at Tianmen Mountain

Tang Li Bai

The Yangtze river is like a giant axe to split the Tianmen peak, the green river flows to this roundabout.

The castle peak confrontation between the two sides is difficult to compete, meet a leaf boat leisurely comes from the horizon.

  • Guanque Tower

Stork House, also known as Stork House, is named after storks sometimes inhabit it. It is located in yongji city, Shanxi. Founded in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, due to the spectacular building, ingenious structure and beautiful surrounding scenery, during the Tang and Song Dynasties, scholars went upstairs to enjoy the scenery and left many immortal poems, among which Wang Zhihuan’s at heron lodge was the most famous.

At heron lodge.

Don Wang Zhihuan

The sun was slowly sinking near the western hills, and the yellow river flowed into the east sea.

to ascend another storey to see a thousand miles further

Guanque Tower

  • Jingmen mountain

Jingmen Mountain is located in the northwest of Yidu City, Yichang City, Hubei Province, on the south bank of the Yangtze River. Jingmen Mountain is located in the south of Jingmen and the north of Huya River. It is like a gate, so it is called Jingmen.

Bidding a friend farewell at jingmen ferry.

Tang Li Bai

Sailing far off from Jingmen Ferry, soon you will be with people in the south.

Where the mountains end and the plains begin, and the river winds through wilderness.

The moon is lifted like a mirror, sea-clouds gleam like palaces.

And the water has brought you a touch of home, to draw your boat three hundred miles.

  • Yangzhou ershisi bridge

Twenty-four Bridges, also known as Twenty-four Bridges, are located in Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province. Li Dou’s Record of Yangzhou Paintings, Volume 15: "Twenty-four Bridges are Wujia Brick Bridges, a Red Medicine Bridge, and the back of Chuntai in JaeHee … Yangzhou advocates the word order cloud, so it is named because the ancient twenty-four beauties played flute here."

A message to han chuo the yangzhou magistrate.

Don Dumu

The castle peak is vaguely about green water thousands of miles away, autumn has been the Jiangnan vegetation has not withered.

Twenty-four Bridges on the moonlit night, where do jade people teach blowjobs?

Huashan scenery

  • Mount Huashan

Huashan Mountain, known as "Xiyue Mountain" in ancient times and "Taihua Mountain" in elegance, is one of the five mountains. It is located in huayin city, Weinan City, Shaanxi Province, 120km east of the provincial capital Xi ‘an. It is bordered by Qinling Mountains in the south and Huang Wei in the north. Since ancient times, there has been a saying that "the mountain is the best in the world".

Inscribed in the inn at tong gate on an autumn trip to the capital.

Tang Dynasty: Xu Hun

The maple trees rustled in the autumn evenings; Overnight at Tongguan station, the their own wine fragrance.

Several remnant clouds gathered in the towering Huashan mountain; The sparse autumn rain falls on the ZHONGTIAO mountains mountains.

Remote viewing of the tree color with the extension of the Tongguan mountain; The yellow river surges into the sea.

Tomorrow will be able to reach the bustling capital Chang’ an; I am still at ease with the dream of fisherman and woodman!

  • Longzhong

Longzhong is located in Xiangyang City, Hubei Province, about 20 miles west of Xiangyang City, in Longzhong Scenic Area at the junction of three districts and counties (Xiangcheng District, Nanzhang County and Gucheng County) in Xishan Ring Arch.

Over the Dragon

Don Cui Daorong

Xuande rises from Wolong, and the tripod is divided into the world.

After the poor Shu kingdom was closed, I didn’t discuss Xu Shugong.

Xiangyang Gulong Middle School

  • Xuanzhou Xie Tiao building

Xie Tiao Building, located in Xuancheng City, Anhui Province. In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Xie Tiao served as the satrap of Xuancheng, and built the first floor of Lingyang Mountain in the north of the county, which was called "Gaozhai". In the Tang Dynasty, in memory of Xie Tiao, this building was rebuilt, and it was renamed as Beiwanglou, or the North Building, in the north of the county office. They are called Xie Tiao Building and Xiegong Building.

Shu Yun of Xuanzhou Xielou’s farewell school book

Tang Dynasty: Li Bai

Since yesterday had to throw me and bolt;

Today has hurt my heart even more.

The autumn wildgeese have a long wind for escort, as I face them from this villa, drinking my wine.

The bones of great writers are your brushes, in the School of Heaven, and I am a Lesser Xie growing up by your side.

We both are exalted to distant thought, want to go to the blue sky and embrace the bright moon.

But since water still flows, though we cut it with our swords, and sorrows return, though we drown them with wine

Since the world can in no way answer our craving, I will loosen my hair tomorrow and take to a fishingboat.

  • Lumen Mountain in Xiangyang

Lumen Mountain, in Xiangyang City, Hubei Province. Now it is Lumen Temple National Forest Park.

Returning at Night to Lumen Mountain.

Tang Meng Haoran

In the evening, the temple bells echoed down the valley, a noisy voice at the yuluang ferry.

People walked along the shore to Jiangcun Village village, and I also took a small boat to return to the deer door.

The moonlight of the deer door made the mountain tree appear, and suddenly I came to the hermitage of exile.

Lonely mountain road silent forest road, only the hermit in this elegant come and go.

Nanyue Hengshan

  • Hengshan, Hunan

Hengshan Mountain, also known as Nanyue Mountain, is one of the "Five Mountains" in China. It is located in the southeast of central Hunan Province, China. According to the Records of Ganshi Xingjing in the Warring States Period, Hengshan Mountain is named because it is located on the wing of the Twilight Star in the constellation of 28 nights, and it is like a weighing instrument, which can be called heaven and earth.

Stopping at a temple on heng mountain i inscribe this poem in the gate-tower.

Tang hanyu

The five Holy Mountains have the rank of the Three Dukes, the other four make a ring, with the Song Mountain midmost.

Hengshan is located in the famine far away many demons and ghosts, god authorized the Nanyue god is the supreme power.

Halfway up the mountain, the cloud was filled with clouds and mists, though there was a pinnacle who could reach the top.

I came here in the autumn rain, the weather is dark, there is no wind.

Silent prayer in the heart as if to fulfill, is not a person integrity can be well – informed?

A moment of cloud sweep to show the outstanding peaks, looking up to the peak of the mountain.

The zigaifeng ridge is connected to the Tianzhu peak, and the ups and downs mountain is rugged and connected to Zhu Rong.

The precipitous Jensen dismounted and bowed down, and went straight down the pine and cypress paths to the palace of the gods.

The pink walls against the red pillars are dazzling, Pilaster on ghost pictures or green or red.

Stepping up the steps and bending over to give the meat and wine, to express the Qian by the humble offerings.

The old man in charge of the temple could understand the divine, and gaze into the Repeatedly and bow to me again and again.

Hand cup jiao kau taught me to throw the method, saying that this bo most guitar difficult the same.

I was banished to the wild, to be lucky not to die, the food and clothing are willing to die here until the end.

As soon as the desire of the king will be cut off, god will not succeed even if he blesses me.

At night I lie down to sleep in the top of a high tower, the stars and the moon are covered with clouds.

The monkey’s crow clock struck the morning, and the cold day of the east was empty.

Qujiangchi, Xi ‘an

  • Leyouyuan Scenic Resort

Leyouyuan Scenic Resort is located in the southeast of Xi ‘an, which was called Leyou Garden when Emperor Xuandi was proclaimed in the Han Dynasty. Once, Emperor Xuandi of Han Dynasty traveled here with Empress Xu, so obsessed with the beautiful scenery that he was "too happy to go home". Later, Leyou Temple was built here, and Leyouyuan Scenic Resort was named after it.

The leyou tombs.

Tang Dynasty: Li Shangyin

In the evening, the mood is unhappy, driving in the car to ancient.

Sunset, infinite beauty, only close to the dusk.

  • Furong building

Formerly known as the Northwest Building, it overlooks the Yangtze River and overlooks Jiangbei, in the northwest of Runzhou (now Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province). One said that this refers to the Furong Building in Qianyang (now Qiancheng, Hunan).

At hibiscus inn parting with xin jian.

Don Wang Changling

Misty misty rain, overnight all over Wu Dijiang days; Early morning send you, lonely to the chushan grief of infinite!

Friends, if Luoyang friends ask me to come; Just say that I still bing Xin Okho, adhere to faith!

The great rivers and mountains of the motherland were originally hidden in poetry.

There is nothing to do in midsummer. Read these poems and travel with them!

Source: WeChat WeChat official account "Classical Literature and Poetry"

[Disclaimer: This number is the official public welfare account of "Reading for All", and this article is reproduced for the purpose of transmitting more information. Please contact us if the source is mislabeled or suspected of infringing your legitimate rights and interests. We will correct and delete it in time, thank you. 】

Understanding China’s "Harmony" Culture

Source: People’s Daily Online-People’s Daily Overseas Edition

The audience enjoyed the "Zhonghe Shaole" musical instrument in Qing Dynasty. Du Jianpo

Qing gan long Jin tai enamel figure holding pot Du Jianpo

Qing gan long Ji Qing Jin Cai hai Yan he Qing Zun Photo courtesy of Guobo

Qing Qianlong’s "seventy-two poems on the imperial month" is colored ink (September and October). Du Jianpo

From ancient stone tools, bone implements, jade articles and pottery to colorful export porcelain and finely carved lacquerware, from the silk painting "Fuxi Nu Wa Tu" drawn by the Tang Dynasty to the Tao Te Ching written by the calligrapher in fine small letters in the Yuan Dynasty … into the China National Museum "Harmony and Symbiosis-the Forbidden City-Guobo Tibetan Cultural Relics Joint Exhibition", rich cultural relics show the long history of Chinese civilization.

This exhibition is the first heavy special exhibition jointly launched by the Palace Museum and the National Museum of China. More than 400 cultural relics are selected from the rich collections of the Palace Museum and Guobo for display. The exhibition is divided into four units, which expounds the historical origin and rich connotation of China’s "harmony" culture from four aspects: the universe, the world, society and morality. The first unit, "Harmony between Heaven and Earth", explains the cosmology of the unity of heaven and man advocated by the Chinese nation since ancient times; The second unit, "Harmony among All Nations", explains the world view of harmony among all nations upheld by the Chinese nation when dealing with foreign relations; The third unit, "Yi Min An He", explains Chinese civilization’s respect and tolerance for the cultural diversity of all social strata and ethnic groups. The fourth unit, "Happiness lies in harmony with people", explains the moral concept of "people’s hearts are kind" of the Chinese nation.

Wisdom of the Unity of Heaven and Man

Stepping into the exhibition hall, the jade ritual vessels of Hongshan culture Yulong, Liangzhu culture Jade Cong and Qijia culture Jade Bi attracted the audience to stop and enjoy. Chinese ancestors collected natural jade and carefully crafted it into a ritual vessel to communicate with heaven and earth and offer sacrifices to ancestors. Today, thousands of years later, when we see these jade articles, we will still be amazed by the superb carving skills and rich imagination of our ancestors.

From chiseling stone, grinding bone and reeling silk to making pottery, smelting copper and painting lacquer, the ancients had a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of the development and utilization of natural materials and the laws of nature, and the emotional resonance and aesthetic concepts caused by natural phenomena were gradually integrated into labor practice and material creation, thus forming a unique ritual and music civilization and social system of the Chinese nation.

In ancient times, the ancestors in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River summed up the laws of natural changes according to the climate and four seasons alternately, so as to guide daily life and realize the progress of productive forces. Monthly order, that is, taking the four seasons as the general outline and December as the details, records the astronomical calendar and natural phenology in time, and arranges the decrees of production and life accordingly. In the exhibition hall, Qingganlong’s "Poems of seventy-two waiting for the moon" is the embodiment of the cultural tradition of "obeying the weather and responding to the times". This ink set consists of two boxes, with 6 drawers in each box and 6 spindles in each drawer, totaling 72 spindles. One spindle of ink corresponds to a phenology, with different sizes and shapes, including round, oval, square, hexagonal, leaf, tablet, harp and bell. Ink colors are divided into green, red, white, blue and yellow, which correspond to the traditional five elements in China: spring (first month and February) is wood, which corresponds to green; Summer (April and May) is fire, corresponding to red; Autumn (July and August) is gold, corresponding to white; Winter (October and November) is water, corresponding to blue; The turn of the two seasons (March, June, September and December) is earth, which means activation and hair growth, corresponding to yellow.

Next to the moon-colored ink, there is a set of poems cups with colorful December flowers in Qing Kangxi. This set of multicolored cups consists of 12 pieces. The bright white glaze is decorated with blue and white multicolored flowers. On the one hand, the representative flowers of each month are painted, and on the other hand, the poems corresponding to the flowers are inscribed. Most of the poems are taken from The Whole Tang Poetry. This set of porcelain cups belongs to the imperial wine glasses, with thin and light tires, beautiful patterns and neat styles, which represents the highest level of making blue and white multicolored thin-shell porcelain in Jingdezhen Imperial Kiln Factory in Kangxi Dynasty.

On the one hand, there are bronze bells, chimes and cymbals in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and on the other hand, there is the glittering "Zhonghe Shaole" musical instrument in the Qing Dynasty. The two sets of exhibits reflect the inheritance and development of Chinese ritual and music culture for thousands of years. Elegant music is the orthodox music used in ancient China to worship heaven and earth, ancestors, and banquets. Its system was formulated in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty. The main musical instruments of ancient elegant music are chimes and chimes. The music begins with a bronze bell and ends with a jade chime, which is a combination of many voices and symbolizes "golden sound and jade vibration". "Zhonghe Shaole" has the highest specification in the music system of Ming and Qing Dynasties, and is mainly used for altar and temple sacrifices and national ceremonies above Zhongsi. The bronze-gilded chime with double dragons and dragons’ buttons and dragons’ patterns made during the reign of Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty was hung on the shelf carved with dragons and painted with gold in two layers, showing its dignity and elegance. Matching with it, the jadeite-painted plait with Un-yong Kim pattern is made of precious jade from Hetian, Xinjiang, and both sides of the chime are decorated with Un-yong Kim pattern. The golden yellow of the gold-painted pattern and the emerald green of the jade are brilliant.

Openness and tolerance

In the independent showcase, a small seal on one side evokes people’s reverie of desert wind and smoke and camel bells. This lute was unearthed from Zhang Qian’s tomb in Chenggu County, Shaanxi Province, and the front is engraved with the words "Bowang-Zao" in Yang. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Zhang Qian was ordered to make two missions to the Western Regions, which opened up the world-famous Silk Road and was named Bo Wanghou.

The brocade of the Tang Dynasty with decorative group patterns, knight patterns and pig head patterns tells the story of increasing prosperity after the Silk Road was opened for thousands of years. The exotic patterns are integrated with the traditional auspicious patterns in the Central Plains, presenting an open, inclusive and colorful prosperous scene.

Painted porcelain from Changsha kiln in the Tang Dynasty, celadon from Longquan kiln in the Yuan Dynasty, blue-and-white porcelain from Jingdezhen kiln in the Ming Dynasty, and wide-colored porcelain in the Qing Dynasty … Famous export porcelain products of past dynasties witnessed the prosperity of the Maritime Silk Road. A green glazed phoenix tail statue of Longquan kiln with elegant shape and exquisite decoration attracted the reporter’s attention. This statue has a long neck, rich shoulders, and gradually converges below the abdomen, slightly skimming near the foot and circling the foot. Thick blue glaze is applied inside and outside the porcelain, and the glaze is open. The neck is carved with dense chords, the upper abdomen is carved with branches-bound peony, and the lower abdomen is carved with chrysanthemum petals. According to reports, in a Yuan Dynasty shipwreck full of ceramics in Xin ‘an sea area, South Korea, a phoenix-tailed statue with green glaze and peony pattern in Longquan kiln was found, which proved that Longquan kiln celadon played an important role in the cultural exchange and trade of the Maritime Silk Road in Yuan Dynasty.

Corresponding to these export porcelains, overseas countries learn from China’s porcelain-making technology to produce porcelains. For example, Koryo celadon in the 12th century, Jingdezhen multicolored porcelain imitated by Maisen kiln in Europe in the 18th century, and Dehua kiln white porcelain imitated by Japan in the 19th century. These foreign porcelain products have flowed into China and entered the palace, which has become a much-told story for the exchange and mutual learning between Chinese and foreign civilizations.

Passing through a porch that imitates the panorama of the Forbidden City, a series of exhibits come into view, which reflect the achievements of innovation and development after the introduction of western culture into China. The figurines of the Qing-Gan-Long Golden Fetus Enamel are combined with many techniques such as inlay, engraving, silk-twisting enamel and painting enamel, which are exquisite and amazing. This pot is made of gold, and its shape is gourd-shaped. The whole body is painted with blue enamel, decorated with twisted silk and lotus patterns, and inlaid with pearls and corals in many places. Painted enamels with different sizes and shapes are symmetrically arranged on the lid, neck, lower abdomen and large abdomen, and figures, flowers and courtyard landscapes are painted inside the enamel. Under it, it is equipped with a lotus-carved gold-plated copper seat. Cloisoned enamel and painted enamel are all imported from the west. During Qianlong period, there were few figures decorated in enamel products, so this device can be called a masterpiece. The ladies and courtyard figures painted in the opening of the vessel are traditional paintings in China, but they are expressed by European techniques, which reflects the artistic style of combining Chinese and Western styles.

The morality of harmony and goodness

The third unit of the exhibition presents a picture of the harmonious coexistence of scholars, agriculture, industry and commerce in ancient China. "Han Bao Sai Wu Huan leads many leaders" camel button bronze seal is the official seal awarded by the Eastern Han Dynasty court to the leaders of Wu Huan nationality. Wuhuan is a branch of Donghu people in ancient China. The title of "leading the crowd" is related to his deeds such as leading the crowd to join, guarding the frontier fortress, helping the war and counterinsurgency. Cultural relics with national characteristics, such as the bronze musical instruments of southwest nationalities in Han Dynasty, the jade carvings of "Spring Water" and "Autumn Mountain" in Jin Dynasty, and the "Gong Gong Tu" in Ming and Qing Dynasties, reflect the colorful national culture.

The Southern Tour of Qianlong is a huge historical picture of Qing Dynasty painter Xu Yang’s first southern tour of Jiangsu and Zhejiang in 1751 with "imperial poetry as the picture". The whole picture consists of 12 volumes, which combines poetry, calligraphy and painting, and realistically depicts the scene of Qianlong’s early trip to the south of the Yangtze River, the province asking for customs, inspecting officials and the people, inspecting river workers, reviewing divisions and brigades, offering sacrifices to Yuling and visiting scenic spots in lakes and mountains, which truly reflects the splendid rivers and mountains and social features. In this exhibition, the sixth volume of the Southern Tour of Qianlong was exhibited. This volume is entitled "Zhu Gu Su", which focuses on the landscape from Changmen to Xumen in Suzhou. The whole painting takes the Grand Canal as the main axis, with houses and shops along the banks of the river, which is full of prosperity and prosperity.

The foundation of a harmonious society is the values of "people are kind" and "harmony is the most important". Ming Xianzong Zhu Jianshen painted the axis of "A Harmony Map", depicting three old people huddled together, with the old man on the left wearing a Taoist crown, the old man in the middle dressed as a monk, and a Confucian scholar wearing a square towel on the right. The composition of the whole work is ingenious, and it looks like a smiling Maitreya sitting cross-legged, beaming and harmonious, showing the thought of the unity and harmonious blending of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism.

At the end of the exhibition, a piece of green and golden colors, Haiyan River, attracted people’s attention. The outer wall of this device is painted with blue enamel, with gold-painted branches-bound peony, banana leaf pattern, ruyi cloud pattern, etc., and near the foot is decorated with pastel lotus pattern and lotus bead pattern, and a pair of white swallows with wings spread and tails cut are carved between the shoulders and necks as ears. This porcelain statue was fired by Jingdezhen Imperial Kiln in the Qing Dynasty for Haiyan Hall in Yuanmingyuan. It needs to be put into the kiln and painted many times, and its technology is superb, which is a combination of carving, pasting and embossing. The blue color of this statue symbolizes "Heqing", and Yan is homophonic with "Yan", which means that Haiyan River is clear and the world is peaceful.

What is culture? How to explain culture?

What is culture?

If culture talks about appearances, it is: everything that is different from nature in human social life is culture. As long as it is not natural, it is created by people, and it is all culture, but this is only the appearance.

The core of culture: it is the common way of thinking and values formed by this nation that has lived for a long time in a special natural environment and a unique mode of production and lifestyle. This is culture. Specific environment, specific period. Then a group of people generated this value. For example, if he lives on the plateau, or the natural environment on this plain is different from that on the prairie, and his way of life and production are different, then his way of thinking and values are different. This way of thinking and values, he is not a person, he is the common lifestyle and values of this nation or this country, and this is culture.

We in China pay attention to family and everything. We have talked about it for more than 2,000 years. Now the common people also recognize it. It is this value that China people recognize. Therefore, culture is a unique value of a farming nation.

The most basic bond of farming people’s survival is blood, but the basic unit of survival is family, so from this perspective, this family and everything is the unique culture of our Chinese nation. Not in other countries, because their lifestyles and production methods are different, he will change. For example, in Hanshu, especially in Biography of Xiongnu, there is a dialogue between Han Division and Xiongnu, which is called Khan’s dialogue between them. This is called two different cultures, which are actually right from their respective perspectives, but because of their different lifestyles and production methods, I think you are wrong, and you think I am wrong. So what is right and what is wrong? What is suitable for our survival is called right.

# Culture # # Xiongnu #